The purpose of the study: obtaining knowledge about the impact of Snoezelen® therapy on the health of adults suffering from schizophrenia and requiring permanent institutional care, adults suffering from schizophrenia and adults (women) addicted to alcohol. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does Snoezelen therapy improve the health of adults suffering from schizophrenia and requiring permanent institutional care, adults suffering from schizophrenia and adults (women) addicted to alcohol? The participant will participate in Snoezelen® therapy for 6 or 12 weeks, 2 times a week (30 minutes each session).
Snoezelen® room, as a multisensory interaction environment that has been widely used in studies involving older adults, people with neurological conditions (including children and adults with disabilities), neurodegenerative conditions, and people struggling with depressive and anxiety disorders. Scientific evidence indicates a significant reduction in depression and anxiety levels in people using Snoezelen® therapy, as well as an improvement in the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. In a recent case study, Snoezelen® therapy improved emotion recognition and the development of emotional functions in a patient with alexithymia, highlighting the potential of this therapy in psychiatric rehabilitation. To date, few scientific studies of Snoezelen® therapy have been conducted with psychiatric patients, as confirmed by a recent review (Hudon et al. 2023). There have also been no studies of Snoezelen® therapy specifically targeting groups of patients struggling with addiction or schizophrenia. The lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential impact of Snoezelen® therapy on improving outcomes in psychiatric patients prompted the development of this study to better understand the effectiveness of the therapy in this patient group. The results obtained in the study will be innovative and will allow us to answer the question whether therapy in the Snoezelen ® room in people suffering from schizophrenia and adults with alcohol addiction will result in improved cognitive functioning, organization of daily activities, improvement in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, improvement in mood, including a reduction in emotions such as anxiety and sadness, as well as an increase in the patient's overall quality of life and emotional intelligence.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
140
The each session of Snoezelen® therapy will last 30 minutes and will include: 1. preparation and adjustment of stimuli based on information regarding the assessment of the patient's condition and problems, 2. careful observation and appropriate care of the patient, 3. grading of stimuli and their appropriate stimulation, 4. experiencing therapeutic activities together with the patient, 5. recording the therapist's presence and comments on the therapy card.
Description: The each session of Snoezelen® therapy will last 30 minutes and will include: a) preparation and adjustment of stimuli based on information regarding the assessment of the patient's condition and problems, b) careful observation and appropriate care of the patient, c) grading of stimuli and their appropriate stimulation, d) experiencing therapeutic activities together with the patient, e) recording the therapist's presence and comments on the therapy card.
Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Clinical Psychiatric Hospital SPZOZ in Rybnik, Poland
Rybnik, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care - MOCA or ACE-III
1\. Cognitive function testing using the MOCA or ACE-III * The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) assesses cognitive function. The test consists of 30 tasks assessing language, memory, reasoning, orientation, visual reasoning, and spatial reasoning. The test takes approximately 10-15 minutes to complete. Maximum score: 30 points. One point is added for individuals with less than 12 years of education. * The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) is an extended screening tool for cognitive function. The test assesses attention and orientation, memory, verbal fluency, language, and visuospatial functions. The test takes approximately 15 minutes. The maximum score is 100 points. A score below 88 suggests the presence of cognitive impairment and requires further medical evaluation.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care - BDI or GDS
Emotional state examination, which will be carried out by determining the degree of: a. Severity of depressive symptoms using the BDI or GDS scale. * The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measures the severity of depression symptoms, which includes questions about mood, guilt, and physical symptoms. A score of 0 to 10 indicates no depression, 11 to 27 indicates mild or moderate depression, and 28 or more indicates severe depression. * The GDS-30 (Geriatric Depression Scale) is a screening tool used to assess the severity of depression symptoms in older adults. GDS-30 consists of 30 questions about well-being over the past week. 0-9 points: normal condition (no symptoms of depression); 10-19 points: suspicion of moderate depression; \>20 points: suspicion of severe depression.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care - Burns Anxiety Inventory
Emotional state examination, which will be carried out by determining the b. Anxiety levels using the Burns Anxiety Inventory The questionnaire consists of 33 questions divided into three main categories, which the patient rates based on their experience over the past week: Anxious feelings - 6 items (e.g., nervousness, sense of impending doom, panic attacks). Anxious thoughts - 11 items (e.g., fear of losing control, fear of going crazy or becoming physically ill). Physical symptoms - 16 items (e.g., heart palpitations, dizziness, muscle tension, shortness of breath). Scoring: Each of the 33 questions is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 to 3 points: 0 - Not at all / did not bother 1 - A little / slightly 2 - Moderate 3 - Very much. The total score ranges from 0 to 99 points. Interpretation of results: 0-4 points: Minimal or no anxiety, 5-10 points: Anxiety very mild, 11-20 points: Mild anxiety, 21-30 points: Moderate anxiety, 31-50 points: Severe anxiety.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care - SWLS
Life satisfaction using the SWLS scale The SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale) is a short psychological tool used to assess overall life satisfaction. It consists of five statements, which the respondent rates on a seven-point scale. It is intended for adults, both healthy and sick, and takes approximately two minutes to complete. The scasle contains five statements regarding satisfaction with one's overall life. Response Format: Seven-point Likert scale (from 1 - I completely disagree to 7 - I completely agree). Score: overall life satisfaction index = the higher the score, the greater the sense of satisfaction.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care - Barthel Scale
Examination of activities of daily living using the Barthel scale. The Barthel Scale is a popular medical tool used to assess a patient's independence in 10 basic activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, and using the toilet. The maximum score is 100 points, and the score indicates the patient's need for assistance from others. Interpretation of scores: 85-100 points: good condition, the patient is independent. 21-84 points: moderate or moderately severe disability, the patient requires varying degrees of assistance. 0-20 points: severe disability, the patient is completely dependent on others (a score of 40 or less qualifies the patient for long-term care).
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care - blood test
Blood concentration testing for selected biological factors. Patients will have 5 ml of venous blood drawn twice (before and after completing the study) to perform the blood test.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
Outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia - MOCA or ACE-III or CSSS Scale.
1\. Cognitive function testing using the MOCA or ACE-III or the CSSS Scale. The MOCA or ACE-III scales are described above in the outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care group. The Cognitive Screening Scale for Schizophrenia (CSSS) is a brief diagnostic tool used to quickly detect cognitive deficits in people with schizophrenia. This scale assesses the patient's overall cognitive performance, is time-consuming, and aids in qualifying patients for rehabilitation. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia - PSYRATS
The intensity of positive or negative symptoms is assessed using the PSYRATS Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale and the BNSS (Brief Negative Syndrome Scale). -The PSYRATS Scale (Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale) is a multidimensional tool for the assessment of auditory hallucinations and delusions, consisting of two subscales (for hallucinations and delusions) rated from 0 to 4. Scale Structure: Auditory Hallucinations Subscale (AHS): contains 11 questions, including questions about frequency, duration, loudness, content, degree of distress, and belief in the reality of voices. Delusions Subscale (DS): contains 6 questions, including questions about the degree of preoccupation, belief in reality, and anxiety. Assessment Method: Each symptom feature (dimension) is scored on a scale from 0 (no symptom) to 4 (maximum severity).
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia - BNSS
The intensity of positive or negative symptoms is assessed using the BNSS (Brief Negative Syndrome Scale). -The Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) is a clinical tool used to assess the severity of symptoms in schizophrenia. Its basic information and structure consist of 13 questions divided into 6 main subscales. The test format: a semi-structured patient interview combined with clinical observation. Duration: approximately 15 minutes. Scoring range: 0 (no symptom) to 6 (extreme severity) for each item; the total score ranges from 0 to 78 points.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia - Emotional state examination
Emotional state examination, which will be carried out by determining the degree of: * Severity of depressive symptoms using the BDI or GDS or CES-D * Anxiety level using the Burns Anxiety Inventory or the STAI Anxiety Inventory. * Satisfaction with life using the SWLS scale. STAI Scale The STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) measures two distinct types of anxiety: State Anxiety (the X-1 scale for temporary feelings) and Trait Anxiety (long-term feelings). The STAI is a tool for assessing anxiety, understood as a transient and situationally determined individual state, and anxiety, understood as a relatively stable personality trait. It is used for screening and individual assessment; the X-1 scale is also useful in experimental studies requiring the recording of changes in anxiety intensity. * The other mentioned scales are described above in the outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia requiring institutional care group.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia - INTE
Emotional intelligence testing with the INTE Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The INTE questionnaire measures emotional intelligence, defined as the ability to recognize, understand, and control one's own and others' emotions, as well as the ability to effectively use emotions to guide one's own and others' actions. It is primarily used for research purposes. The survey lasts approximately 10 minutes. Sum of item values give a total emotional intelligence metric.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients suffering from schizophrenia - blood test
Description: Blood concentration testing for selected biological factors. Patients will have 5 ml of venous blood drawn twice (before and after completing the study) to perform the blood test.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol MOCA or ACE-III
1\. Cognitive function testing using the MOCA or ACE-III diagnostic tools The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) are key medical tests used to find cognitive impairment. Cognitive function testing using the MOCA or ACE-III - The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) assesses cognitive function. The test consists of 30 tasks assessing language, memory, reasoning, orientation, visual reasoning, and spatial reasoning. The test takes approximately 10-15 minutes to complete. Maximum score: 30 points. One point is added for individuals with less than 12 years of education. - The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) is an extended screening tool for cognitive function. The test assesses attention and orientation, memory, verbal fluency, language, and visuospatial functions. The test takes approximately 15 minutes. The maximum score is 100 points. A score below 88 suggests the presence of cognitive impairment.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - Emotional state
Emotional state examination, which will be carried out by determining the degree of severity of depressive symptoms using the BDI or GDS or CES-D scale (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) are three widely used self-report tools to screen for and measure the severity of depressive symptoms.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - Anxiety levels - Burns Anxiety Inventory
Anxiety levels using the Burns Anxiety Inventory Burns Anxiety Inventory The questionnaire consists of 33 questions divided into three main categories, which the patient rates based on their experience over the past week: Anxious feelings - 6 items (e.g., nervousness, sense of impending doom, panic attacks). Anxious thoughts - 11 items (e.g., fear of losing control, fear of going crazy or becoming physically ill). Physical symptoms - 16 items (e.g., heart palpitations, dizziness, muscle tension, shortness of breath). Scoring: Each of the 33 questions is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 to 3 points: 0 - Not at all / did not bother 1 - A little / slightly 2 - Moderate 3 - Very much. The total score ranges from 0 to 99 points. Interpretation of results: 0-4 points: Minimal or no anxiety, 5-10 points: Anxiety very mild, 11-20 points: Mild anxiety, 21-30 points: Moderate anxiety, 31-50 points: Severe anxiety.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - Anxiety levels - STAI
Emotional state examination, which will be carried out by determining the degree of: b. Anxiety levels using the Burns Anxiety Inventory or STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) measures two distinct types of anxiety: State Anxiety (the X-1 scale for temporary feelings) and Trait Anxiety (long-term feelings). The STAI is a tool for assessing anxiety, understood as a transient and situationally determined individual state, and anxiety, understood as a relatively stable personality trait. It is used for screening and individual assessment; the X-1 scale is also useful in experimental studies requiring the recording of changes in anxiety intensity.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - CISS
Emotional state examination, which will be carried out by determining the degree of CISS (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations) Scale. A questionnaire for diagnosing stress coping styles. It is used for research and practical purposes, for example, as a tool in qualification tests for specific job positions in certain professions (police, firefighters, drivers), or in testing individuals applying for firearms licenses. In our study, we aim to determine whether Snoezelen therapy can influence the stress coping style of women addicted to alcohol. Rating Scale: A 5-point frequency scale ranging from 1 ("not at all") to 5 ("very much").
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - SWLS
Emotional state examination, which will be carried out by determining the degree of: - Satisfaction with life using the SWLS scale. Life satisfaction using the SWLS scale The SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale) is a short psychological tool used to assess overall life satisfaction. It consists of five statements, which the respondent rates on a seven-point scale. It is intended for adults, both healthy and sick, and takes approximately two minutes to complete. The scasle contains five statements regarding satisfaction with one's overall life. Response Format: Seven-point Likert scale (from 1 - I completely disagree to 7 - I completely agree). Score: overall life satisfaction index = the higher the score, the greater the sense of satisfaction.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - INTE
Emotional intelligence testing with the INTE Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The INTE questionnaire measures emotional intelligence, defined as the ability to recognize, understand, and control one's own and others' emotions, as well as the ability to effectively use emotions to guide one's own and others' actions. It is primarily used for research purposes. The survey lasts approximately 10 minutes. Sum of item values give a total emotional intelligence metric.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - blood test
Blood concentration testing for selected biological factors. Patients will have 5 ml of venous blood drawn twice (before and after completing the exercise) to perform the blood test.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
outcomes in patients (women) addicted to alcohol - follow up PACS Scale
\* 4 weeks after the end of study (follow-up), a telephone interview will be conducted with the use of short Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The Scale is a self-assessment method, it comprises 5 statements, and is designed to assess alcohol craving experienced by a patient in a week prior to the examination. 0-3 points - low intensity of alcohol craving, 4-9 points - average intensity of alcohol craving, above 10 points - high intensity of alcohol craving.
Time frame: 4 weeks after the end of study (follow-up), a telephone interview will be conducted with the use of short Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS).
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