This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, and is reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines for observational studies \[18\]. Consecutive eligible patients were enrolled between 28 September 2022 and 29 July 2025; each patient was followed under a standardized 12-month schedule, with the last follow-up visit on 16 July 2026 and data extraction on 17 July 2026. The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee , and the requirement for individual informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design and use of de-identified data. To minimize selection and information bias, consecutive eligible patients were enrolled, all procedures were performed by a single operator, symptoms were assessed with a standardized questionnaire on a fixed follow-up schedule, and data were extracted in de-identified form. All consecutive eligible patients during the study period were included; no a priori sample-size calculation was performed given the exploratory design. There were no missing data for analyzed variables; patients with incomplete baseline or follow-up data were excluded. Consecutive patients who underwent ECBP for refractory GERD after LSG were screened. Eligible patients met the following inclusion criteria: (i) previous LSG for obesity; (ii) refractory GERD, defined as persistent typical reflux symptoms despite standard-dose PPI therapy for at least 8 consecutive weeks; (iii) age ≥18 years; and (iv) completion of a standardized 12-month postoperative follow-up. Exclusion criteria included: (i) hiatal hernia identified on preoperative endoscopy, because band ligation of the cardia is not expected to correct the anatomical defect associated with a hiatal hernia, and such patients are generally referred for alternative management; (ii) previous gastric or anti-reflux surgery other than LSG; (iii) contraindications to endoscopic intervention; and (iv) incomplete baseline or follow-up data. All patients underwent routine preoperative endoscopic evaluation to confirm the absence of hiatal hernia and to characterize the gastroesophageal junction. A total of 47 patients were included (ECBP alone, n = 38; ECBP plus BTX, n = 9); patients who did not complete the 12-month follow-up were excluded, and all 47 included patients completed the standardized 12-month schedule.
This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, and is reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines for observational studies \[18\]. Consecutive eligible patients were enrolled between 28 September 2022 and 29 July 2025; each patient was followed under a standardized 12-month schedule, with the last follow-up visit on 16 July 2026 and data extraction on 17 July 2026. The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee , and the requirement for individual informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design and use of de-identified data. To minimize selection and information bias, consecutive eligible patients were enrolled, all procedures were performed by a single operator, symptoms were assessed with a standardized questionnaire on a fixed follow-up schedule, and data were extracted in de-identified form. All consecutive eligible patients during the study period were included; no a priori sample-size calculation was performed given the exploratory design. There were no missing data for analyzed variables; patients with incomplete baseline or follow-up data were excluded. Consecutive patients who underwent ECBP for refractory GERD after LSG were screened. Eligible patients met the following inclusion criteria: (i) previous LSG for obesity; (ii) refractory GERD, defined as persistent typical reflux symptoms despite standard-dose PPI therapy for at least 8 consecutive weeks; (iii) age ≥18 years; and (iv) completion of a standardized 12-month postoperative follow-up. Exclusion criteria included: (i) hiatal hernia identified on preoperative endoscopy, because band ligation of the cardia is not expected to correct the anatomical defect associated with a hiatal hernia, and such patients are generally referred for alternative management; (ii) previous gastric or anti-reflux surgery other than LSG; (iii) contraindications to endoscopic intervention; and (iv) incomplete baseline or follow-up data. All patients underwent routine preoperative endoscopic evaluation to confirm the absence of hiatal hernia and to characterize the gastroesophageal junction. A total of 47 patients were included (ECBP alone, n = 38; ECBP plus BTX, n = 9); patients who did not complete the 12-month follow-up were excluded, and all 47 included patients completed the standardized 12-month schedule.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
47
Endoscopic cardia banding plication (ECBP) narrows the cardiac orifice by band ligation alone, without mucosal resection, and may potentially combine technical simplicity with a favorable safety profile; however, evidence in the post-LSG setting remains scarce. Botulinum toxin (BTX), established for modulating sphincteric tone in achalasia and investigated intragastrically for weight control with conflicting meta-analytic results
China Japan friendship hospital
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire
There are six items: heartburn, abdominal pain, reflux, nausea, sleep disturbances, and frequency of additional medication. Each item is scored based on its frequency of occurrence, with 0, 1, 2-3, and ≥4 days in the past week corresponding to scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The total score ranges from 0 to 18, with a higher score indicating more severe symptoms
Time frame: 1 year
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