Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Versus Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR) in Cancer Survivors and Their Spouses

Overview

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most significant psychological burdens faced by cancer survivors. FCR describes the fear, worry, or concern relating to the possibility that cancer will come back or progress, and is associated with reduced quality of life as well as other psychological symptoms. Approximately 60% of cancer survivors suffer from FCR, 20% of whom suffer from severe FCR. Relatives are also burdened by FCR, which in turn negatively affects the dyadic relationship as well as the survivors' quality of life. However, to date, there is a lack of evidence-based psycho-oncological couple interventions that focus on patients'/survivors' and spouses' FCR. Meta-analyses indicate the efficacy of mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for reducing FCR. In contrast to traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approaches, which, for instance, aim to change thoughts and feelings by cognitive restructuring, ACT aims to increase psychological flexibility and promotes a more detached, acceptance-based attitude toward thoughts and feelings, as well as a value-based life orientation. However, the empirical evidence for ACT in relation to FCR still needs to be investigated more thoroughly. This study, coping with fear of cancer recurrence (CARE-pilot), addresses these research gaps and aims to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a manualized ACT couple intervention for outpatient cancer survivors (defined as cancer patients who completed primary treatment and were diagnosed \< 5 years ago) and their spouses. Sixty-four couples in which either survivor, spouse or both have elevated FCR will be randomized to either the ACT couple intervention (IG) or the traditional CBT couple intervention (active control group, CG). The IG and CG interventions consist of six psychotherapy sessions (four couple sessions and two individual sessions), the content of which is intensified in online modules between sessions (blended care). The primary endpoint of the feasibility study is the retention rate and achievement of recruitment targets. Using standardized measurements, changes in FCR, quality of life (primary endpoint of preliminary efficacy), and other psychosocial variables will be assessed at post-intervention and 3 months after the end of the intervention. The feasibility study represents the first step in evaluating the feasibility and the practicality of the couple interventions. The CARE-Pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an ACT-based couple intervention in reducing FCR, compared to a CBT-based couple intervention, in couples navigating cancer survivorship.

Introduction: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most significant psychological burdens faced by cancer survivors and their romantic partners. However, to date, there is a lack of evidence-based psycho-oncological couple interventions that focus on patients'/survivors' and spouses' FCR. Therefore, this multicenter feasibility trial aims to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a manualized ACT couple intervention for outpatient cancer survivors and their spouses compared with a CBT couple intervention. Methods and analysis: This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled pilot trial comparing an ACT couple intervention with a CBT couple intervention. The sample will consist out of adult cancer survivors with a confirmed ICD-10 diagnosis of any cancer site after completed primary oncological treatment and their intimate partners. Time since diagnosis of survivors is \<5 years. Survivors and/or their partner will suffer from elevated FCR. The investigators aim to include n = 64 dyads within two German comprehensive cancer centers. ACT and CBT couple intervention will be delivered by clinical psychologists face-to-face or per video sessions, consisting of six sessions (four couple sessions, two individual sessions). For both trial conditions, online content (e.g. exercises or readings) will be available to deepen session content. Primary outcomes will be feasibility parameters (retention and recruiting rate) and preliminary efficacy (FCR of survivors and partners). Secondary outcomes will be further feasibility variables (satisfaction with the intervention, treatment fidelity) as well as psychological parameters (e.g. QoL, psychological burden), and dyadic and somatic parameters (e.g. dyadic coping, symptom interference). Explorative outcomes are ACT-based (e.g. psychological flexibility, acceptance, value-based living). The feasibility study represents the first step in evaluating the feasibility and the practicality of the couple interventions in preparation of a full power multicenter RCT. Due to its dyadic approach, our ACT couple intervention has the potential to expand the range of psychological treatment options with ecological valid treatment for reducing FCR.