Intraoperative Laser Speckle Imaging Predicts Early Renal Function After Kidney Transplantation

Before abdominal closure, renal microcirculation was assessed using the RFLSI-ZW laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system (RWD Life Science) which was mounted on a portable stand. The device was positioned 15-30 cm above the transplanted kidney, with the speckle lens aligned to the graft surface. Automatic focusing was applied to optimize image clarity, and images of the upper pole of the kidney were captured within a 15 × 15 cm field of view. 60 seconds of microcirculation imaging and perfusion curves were recorded at the upper pole of the kidney after reperfusion and immediately prior to abdominal closure (Figure 1). Perfusion Index (PI) was calculated using the software of the RFLSI-ZW LSCI system, which was closely related to the product of mean erythrocyte flow velocity and concentration within the tissue.