Smoking is one of the leading preventable public health problems worldwide, particularly among young adults who are at increased risk of nicotine dependence. Nursing students represent an important target population because, as future health professionals, they are expected to play a significant role in tobacco control and smoking cessation counseling. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks for promoting health behavior change. The aim of this study will be to determine the effect of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing on changing smoking behavior among nursing students. This study will be planned as a single-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest intervention. Nursing students who smoke cigarettes and voluntarily agree to participate will be included in the study. At baseline, participants will complete a Demographic Information Form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Stages of Change questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale, the Processes of Change Scale, and the Decisional Balance Scale. Participants will receive Transtheoretical Model-based educational sessions and motivational interviewing interventions focusing on the health effects of smoking, reasons for smoking, the benefits of smoking cessation, identification of social support resources, relapse prevention strategies, and successful smoking cessation experiences. The Stages of Change questionnaire will be administered before each motivational interviewing session, and all outcome measures will be reassessed during follow-up evaluations. The study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing in reducing smoking behavior, decreasing nicotine dependence, promoting progression through the stages of change, improving self-efficacy, enhancing the use of behavioral change processes, and supporting smoking cessation among nursing students.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
87
Participants will receive a Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention to promote smoking behavior change and smoking cessation. Face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions will be conducted by a researcher trained in motivational interviewing. According to the intervention protocol, participants may receive between two and six sessions depending on their readiness to change, individual needs, and continued participation throughout the study. The intervention will include counseling and education on smoking-related health risks, smoking cessation, motivation enhancement, self-efficacy, behavior change strategies, social support, and relapse prevention. Participants' stage of change will be assessed before each session, and the intervention will be tailored accordingly. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated instruments measuring smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, stages of change, self-efficacy, and behavior change processes.
Kırklareli University Faculty of Health Sciences
Kırklareli, Kırklareli, Turkey (Türkiye)
Change in Smoking Behavior
The primary outcome is the change in smoking behavior following the Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Smoking behavior will be evaluated by the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and smoking cessation status.
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months)
Change in Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine dependence will be assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of nicotine dependence.
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Processes of Change
Behavioral change processes will be assessed using the Processes of Change Scale. The total score ranges from 22 to 110, with higher scores indicating greater use of behavioral change processes related to smoking cessation.
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment( 1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Self-Efficacy/Temptation for Smoking Cessation
Self-efficacy related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale. The scale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 8 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy and greater confidence in the ability to refrain from smoking in situations that may trigger the urge to smoke.
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Decisional Balance
Decisional balance related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Decisional Balance Scale. The scale consists of 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 12 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater perceived importance of the benefits and barriers of change and greater engagement in the decision-making process related to smoking cessation.
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
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