The goal of this clinical trial was to determine whether rotating the embryo transfer catheter through 360° during its withdrawal improves pregnancy outcomes in women aged 20-35 years undergoing fresh day-3 embryo transfer as part of assisted reproductive treatment. The main questions it aimed to answer were: Does 360° catheter rotation during withdrawal increase the clinical pregnancy rate, defined as the ultrasound confirmation of an intrauterine gestational sac? Does 360° catheter rotation during withdrawal increase the chemical pregnancy rate, defined by a positive pregnancy test? Researchers compared embryo transfer with 360° catheter rotation during catheter withdrawal with embryo transfer without catheter rotation to determine whether this technique improves pregnancy outcomes. Participants were: Undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation, oocyte retrieval, fertilization, and fresh transfer of two day-3 embryos. Being randomly assigned to either 360° catheter rotation during withdrawal or standard catheter withdrawal without rotation. Undergoing pregnancy testing after embryo transfer. Undergoing an ultrasound examination to confirm clinical pregnancy if the pregnancy test was positive.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
310
Participants underwent fresh day-3 embryo transfer. In the experimental arm, the catheter was rotated 360° during withdrawal. In the comparator arm, the catheter was withdrawn without rotation.
Elshrouk Fertility Hospital
Banhā, Egypt
Clinical Pregnancy Rate
The proportion of participants with an intrauterine gestational sac confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound after embryo transfer. Clinical pregnancy rate was calculated as the number of participants with a confirmed clinical pregnancy divided by the total number of participants in each study arm, multiplied by 100.
Time frame: Approximately 4-5 weeks after embryo transfer
Chemical Pregnancy Rate
The proportion of participants with a positive serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) pregnancy test after embryo transfer. Chemical pregnancy rate was calculated as the number of participants with a positive pregnancy test divided by the total number of participants in each study arm, multiplied by 100.
Time frame: Approximately 14 days after embryo transfer
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