Randomized Controlled Trial of the SurgDiff Model for Predicting Surgical Difficulty to Help Choose Approach in Mid-Low Rectal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma; radical surgery is recommended. 2. The inferior border of the tumor is ≥1 cm from the dentate line and ≤7 cm from the anal verge; 3. Preoperative staging was assessed in a stage of c/ycT1-3N0-2M0; 4. The cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and other organ functions are adequate, and the patient can tolerate laparoscopic surgery. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Intraoperative exploration is unable to achieve R0 resection or preservation of the anus; 2. Lateral lymph node dissection is required; 3. Patients with a history of severe mental illness, immune disorders, or those taking hormonal medications; 4. Any other circumstances in which the investigator deems it inappropriate for inclusion.