Subjects are divided into two groups, (1) Control (Ctrl) and (2) Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly according to a paper-based exercise guide, whereas participants in the SE group are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly for 12 weeks using the Resistance Band Training System. The physical fitness tests and questionnaire of both groups are performed before and after the 12-week exercise program.
Participants are divided into two groups: (1) the control (Ctrl) group and (2) the Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in both groups are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes. Participants in the Ctrl group perform resistance band training according to a paper-based exercise guide. Training completion is recorded by the participants using a paper checklist after each training session. The completed checklists are collected and reviewed by the research team at the end of the study to verify adherence to the prescribed exercise program. Participants in the SE group perform resistance band training using the Resistance Band Training System. Training sessions and exercise completion are recorded by the system. Physical fitness tests and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program. Changes in physical fitness and questionnaire outcomes are evaluated between the two groups.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
80
Participants in the SE group perform resistance band training using the Resistance Band Training System twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes. Training sessions and exercise completion are recorded by the system.
Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly for 12 weeks according to a paper-based exercise guide, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.
National Cheng Kung University
Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan
RECRUITINGSix-minute walk test
To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.
Time frame: baseline
Six-minute walk test
To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
BMI
Participant's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
Time frame: baseline
BMI
Participant's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
SMI
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Time frame: baseline
SMI
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Back scratch
Back scratch: with one hand reaching over the shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance(cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
Back scratch
Back scratch: with one hand reaching over the shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance(cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Chair sit-&-reach test
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance(cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
Chair sit-&-reach test
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance(cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
30 second chair stand test
Number of full stands that can be completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
Time frame: baseline
30 second chair stand test
Number of full stands that can be completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
2-minute step test
2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
2-minute step test
2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
8-foot up-&-go test
8-foot up-\&-go test: number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
Time frame: baseline
8-foot up-&-go test
8-foot up-\&-go test: number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Hand grip strength test
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
Time frame: baseline
Hand grip strength test
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Extremity strength
Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer
Time frame: baseline
Extremity strength
Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
Gait speed
Gait speed test is assessed by 4-meter walk test.
Time frame: baseline
Gait speed
Gait speed test is assessed by 4-meter walk test.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.
Time frame: baseline
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
SARC-F
The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.
Time frame: baseline
SARC-F
The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333 (having extreme problems in all dimensions).
Time frame: baseline
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333 (having extreme problems in all dimensions).
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
QUEST (Questionnaire for satisfaction)
The 8 items of the questionnaire included Dimensions, Weight, Ease in Adjusting, Safety and Security, Durability , Ease of Use, Comfortable, and Effectiveness. Each item employed a 5-point scale, with 1-point representing not satisfied at all, and 5-point representing very satisfied.Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.
Time frame: after 12-week intervention
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