Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing RIRS and PCNL

Emrah Küçük120 enrolled

Overview

This prospective observational cohort study aimed to compare preoperative anxiety levels in adult patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal stones. The surgical approach was determined according to routine clinical indications and was not assigned by the study protocol. Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) and the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Demographic, clinical, and stone-related characteristics were also recorded to evaluate factors associated with preoperative anxiety.

Adult patients scheduled to undergo RIRS or PCNL for the treatment of renal stones were prospectively enrolled in this single-center observational cohort study. The choice of surgical approach was based on routine clinical assessment, including stone characteristics, anatomical considerations, and the treating urologist's clinical judgment, and was not determined by the research protocol. Before surgery, participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) and the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, and stone-related variables were prospectively recorded. The primary objective was to compare preoperative anxiety levels between patients undergoing RIRS and those undergoing PCNL. The study also evaluated clinical and patient-related factors potentially associated with preoperative anxiety.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

120

Conditions

Nephrolithiasis Preoperative Anxiety

Interventions

Retrograde Intrarenal SurgeryPROCEDURE

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) performed for the treatment of renal stones according to routine clinical indications. The procedure was not assigned by the study protocol.

Percutaneous NephrolithotomyPROCEDURE

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed for the treatment of renal stones according to routine clinical indications. The procedure was not assigned by the study protocol.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients over 18 years of age * Patients scheduled to undergo RIRS or PCNL for renal stones * Patients scheduled to undergo general anesthesia * Patients who had not previously undergone general anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: * Patients scheduled to undergo spinal anesthesia * Patients undergoing RIRS or PCNL for ureteral stones * Patients with a history of general anesthesia * Patients with psychiatric or neurological disorders * Patients using anxiolytic or antidepressant medications * Patients with chronic alcoholism * Patients with a history of previous stone surgery * Patients with known congenital renal or urinary tract anomalies

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Preoperative State Anxiety Measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S)

Preoperative state anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S). The STAI-S consists of 20 items and yields a total score ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater state anxiety.

Time frame: On the day of surgery, before the surgical procedure

Preoperative State Anxiety Measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S)

Preoperative state anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S). The STAI-S consists of 20 items and provides a total score ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater state anxiety.

Time frame: Preoperatively, on the day of surgery before the surgical procedure

Secondary Outcomes

Preoperative Anxiety Measured by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)

Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). The six-item scale evaluates anxiety related to anesthesia and surgery and the need for information, with higher scores indicating greater preoperative anxiety and/or information need.