Fetal Health Locus of Control, Maternal Anxiety, and Cardiotocography in High-Risk Pregnancies

Istanbul Training and Research Hospital150 enrolled

Overview

This prospective observational cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the relationships among fetal health locus of control (FHLC) perceptions, maternal anxiety levels, and fetal cardiotocography parameters in high-risk pregnant women. Pregnant women at 32 weeks of gestation or later who undergo routine non-stress testing (NST) at the Perinatology Outpatient Clinic will be invited to participate. On the same day as the routine NST, participants will complete the Fetal Health Locus of Control Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Associations between FHLC dimensions, maternal anxiety levels, and NST parameters, including baseline fetal heart rate, number of accelerations, reactivity, and presence of decelerations, will be evaluated.

Fetal health locus of control reflects pregnant women's beliefs regarding the factors that determine the health of their unborn child. These beliefs may influence health-related behaviors during pregnancy. Maternal anxiety may also affect fetal heart rate regulation through autonomic and neuroendocrine mechanisms. This study will prospectively evaluate high-risk pregnant women at 32 weeks of gestation or later who are undergoing routine non-stress testing at the Perinatology Outpatient Clinic. After written informed consent is obtained, participants will complete the Fetal Health Locus of Control Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory on the same day as their routine 20-minute NST. The Fetal Health Locus of Control Scale consists of three dimensions: Internal Health Locus of Control, Chance Health Locus of Control, and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control. NST recordings will be evaluated according to FIGO-based criteria by an experienced investigator. Baseline fetal heart rate, accelerations, reactivity, decelerations, and other relevant cardiotocographic parameters will be recorded. This study aims prospective cross-sectional evaluation of high-risk pregnant women undergoing routine non-stress testing. The primary objective is to investigate the relationships among fetal health locus of control perceptions, maternal anxiety levels, and fetal cardiotocography parameters. Secondary analyses will examine the relationships of these variables with maternal sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

150

Eligibility

Sex: FEMALEMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 45 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Singleton pregnancy at 32 weeks of gestation or later * Being followed for a high-risk pregnancy * No known diagnosed psychiatric disorder and no current psychiatric medication use * Absence of a fetal condition considered likely to affect the NST tracing * Maternal age between 18 and 45 years Exclusion Criteria: * Gestational age below 32 weeks and/or multiple pregnancy * Presence of a fetal condition considered likely to affect the NST tracing * Acute maternal infection or an obstetric emergency * Known diagnosed psychiatric disorder and/or current psychiatric medication use * Maternal age below 18 years or above 45 years

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Association Between Fetal Health Locus of Control and Maternal Anxiety

The relationship between scores obtained from the Fetal Health Locus of Control Scale and maternal anxiety measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory will be evaluated. The Internal Health Locus of Control, Chance Health Locus of Control, and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control dimensions will be analyzed separately.

Time frame: At the single study visit, on the same day as the routine NST

Association Between Fetal Health Locus of Control and Cardiotocography Parameters

Associations between fetal health locus of control dimensions and NST parameters, including baseline fetal heart rate, number of accelerations, reactivity, and presence of decelerations, will be evaluated.

Time frame: During the 20-minute routine NST performed at the single study visit

Association Between Maternal Anxiety and Cardiotocography Parameters

The relationship between maternal anxiety measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and NST parameters, including baseline fetal heart rate, number of accelerations, reactivity, and presence of decelerations, will be evaluated.

Time frame: During the 20-minute routine NST performed at the single study visit

Secondary Outcomes

Associations With Sociodemographic and Obstetric Characteristics

Associations of fetal health locus of control, maternal anxiety levels, and cardiotocography parameters with maternal sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, including age, gravidity, education level, income level, consanguinity, smoking status, and pre-pregnancy preparation, will be evaluated.

Time frame: At the single study visit

Fetal Health Locus of Control, Maternal Anxiety, and Cardiotocography in High-Risk Pregnancies

Overview

Conditions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

Central Contacts