The purpose of this study is to investigate neurocognitive mechanisms underlying response to intervention aimed at enhancing and remediating weaknesses in arithmetic skills in children, including those with mathematical learning disabilities.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
160
Speeded practice training includes activities that focus solely on enhancing arithmetic fluency.
Arithmetic strategy training includes activities that progressively develop the efficient use of arithmetic problem-solving strategies.
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, United States
Change from baseline in arithmetic task performance (reaction time)
Performance will be measured by children's reaction time (milliseconds) on arithmetic task
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in arithmetic task performance (accuracy)
Performance will be measured by children's accuracy (% trials correct) on arithmetic task
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in latent cognitive measures of arithmetic task performance (drift rate)
Latent cognitive processing will be measured by drift rate from children's arithmetic task performance
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in latent cognitive measures of arithmetic performance (post-error adjustment)
Latent cognitive processing will be measured by post-error adjustment from children's arithmetic task performance
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in brain activation during arithmetic task performance
Neural activity will be measured during a functional magnetic resonance imaging arithmetic task. Data will consist of beta values from individual-subject contrast maps for the Small vs. Large contrast in the whole-brain general linear modeling functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in brain representation during arithmetic task performance
Neural activity will be measured during the functional magnetic resonance imaging arithmetic task. Data will consist of spatial correlations of voxel-wise brain activation between Trained vs. Rest and Untrained vs. Rest contrasts for individual subjects.
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Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in brain connectivity during arithmetic task performance
Neural activity will be measured during the functional magnetic resonance imaging arithmetic task. Data will consist of generalized psychophysiological interaction beta values from individual subject contrast maps for Small vs. Large contrast.
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in untrained arithmetic task performance (reaction time)
Performance will be measured by children's reaction time (milliseconds) on untrained arithmetic task
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)
Change from baseline in untrained arithmetic task performance (accuracy)
Performance will be measured by children's accuracy (% trials correct) on untrained arithmetic task
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 6 weeks)