This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence of things (AIoT)-based exercise system for seniors. Participants will undergo a 12-week AIoT-based cycle ergometer training program. Physical fitness and functional performance will be assessed at baseline and after completion of the intervention. Throughout the intervention, exercise-related data, including exercise duration, workload, heart rate, oxygen consumption, perceived exertion, and facial expressions, will be continuously and simultaneously collected for analysis.
At baseline (Week 0), participants will undergo a personal health assessment and physical fitness evaluation. The health assessment includes the collection of demographic information, medical history, and general health status. The physical fitness assessment includes measurement of body composition, muscle strength, balance, flexibility, walking speed, and other relevant physical fitness measures. Following the baseline assessment, the participants will undergo the exercise program based on an AIoT-based exercise system twice weekly for 12 weeks. blood pressure will assessed before each exercise for safety concern. At Week 13, participants will undergo the same evaluations conducted at baseline. In addition, a user experience questionnaire will be administered. During the exercise sessions, exercise-related metrics, including workload, cadence (revolutions per minute, RPM), exercise duration, heart rate, and facial action units (AUs), will be continuously recorded in real time. Ratings of perceived exertion will also be collected at regular intervals throughout the exercise sessions.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
200
AIoT-based cycle ergometer exercise system The system also continuously records exercise-related device data, personal physiological parameters, and facial action units in a structured and systematic manner.
I-Shou University
Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
RECRUITING30 second chair stand test
Number of full stands that can completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
Time frame: baseline
30 second chair stand test
Number of full stands that can be completed 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
BMI
Sarcopenia weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
Time frame: baseline
BMI
Participants's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
Up and Go test
Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
Time frame: baseline
Up and Go test
Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
Six-minute walk test
To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.
Time frame: baseline
Six-minute walk test
To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
SMI
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.
Time frame: baseline
SMI
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
Back scratch
Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
Back scratch
Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
Chair sit-&-reach test
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
Chair sit-&-reach test
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
2-minute step test
2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
2-minute step test
2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.
Time frame: baseline
Single leg balance with eyes open test
Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
Hand grip strength test
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
Time frame: baseline
Hand grip strength test
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.
Time frame: baseline
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)
Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
SARC-F
The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia that assesses strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls. Scores range from 0 to 10, with scores ≥4 indicating a higher risk of sarcopenia.
Time frame: baseline
SARC-F
The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia that assesses strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls. Scores range from 0 to 10, with scores ≥4 indicating a higher risk of sarcopenia.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
The EQ-5D is a standardized questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Higher scores indicate greater health problems.
Time frame: baseline
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
The EQ-5D is a standardized questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Higher scores indicate greater health problems.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
QUEST (Questionnaire for satisfaction)
The 8 items of the questionnaire included Dimensions, Weight, Ease in Adjusting, Safety and Security, Durability, Ease of Use, Comfortable, and Effectiveness. Each item employed a 5-point scale, with 1-point representing not satisfied at all, and 5-point representing very satisfied. Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
System Usability Scale (SUS)
The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a reliable, 10-item Likert-scale questionnaire utilized to provide a global evaluation of a system's usability and user-friendliness. Each item is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better system usability.
Time frame: Within 7 days after completion of the 12-week intervention
Facial Movement
Facial movement will be recorded by video during exercise.
Time frame: Periprocedural
Heart Rate
Heart rate is monitored continuously during exercise sessions.
Time frame: Periprocedural
Rating of perceived exertion
Rating of perceived exertion is assessed during exercise sessions to characterize participants' perceived exercise intensity.
Time frame: Periprocedural
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