The primary objectives are to determine the prevalence and overlap of major cardiometabolic diseases, identify multimorbidity clusters, and characterize demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment patterns across the cohort and relevant subgroups. This study is based on anonymized electronic health record (EHR) data and spanning January 2022 to December 2025. EHR will be extracted from participants of Acibadem hospital network in Turkey. Participants received routine clinical care according to physician discretion. Index date will be defined by the first diagnosis of cardiometabolic conditions. Follow-up period will include at least one year of to allow description of long-term outcomes. It will extend until the end of study, last recorded encounter, or death.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100,000
No treatment given
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Copenhagen, Denmark
Index and yearly prevalence of major cardiometabolic diseases (percentage)
Measured in percentage
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025), and at the end of each calendar year
Index and yearly prevalence of major cardiometabolic diseases: binary (yes/no)
Measured as binary (yes/no)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025), and at the end of each calendar year
Overlap of major cardiometabolic diseases (percentage)
Presence of two or more predefined cardiometabolic conditions documented on or prior to the index date. Measured as percentage
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Overlap of major cardiometabolic diseases: binary (yes/no)
Presence of two or more predefined cardiometabolic conditions documented on or prior to the index date. Measured as binary (yes/no)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Age distribution
Measured in years
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Age distribution: Number of participants
Measured as number of participants
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Gender distribution
Defined as male or female. Measured in percentage
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Gender distribution: binary (yes/no)
Defined as count of male or female. Measured as binary (male/female)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
BMI distribution
Measured as kilogram (kg)/m\^2
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
BMI distribution: number of participants
Measured categorically: number of participants (under 18, 18-25, 25-30, and above 30 kg/m\^2 )
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Medical history of interest: percentage of events
Measured in percentage of events
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Smoking status: percentage of participants
Defined by the next categories at index date non-smoker, formal smoker, occasional smoker or current smoker. Measured in percentage of participants
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP)
Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of C reactive protein (CRP)/high sensitive (hs)-CRP
Measured in milligram (mg) /Liter (L)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of CRP/hs-CRP: binary (under and above 2 mg/L)
Laboratory assessment of CRP . Measured as binary (under and above 2 mg/L)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of ferritin
Measured in nanogram (ng)/mL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of transferrin
Measured in mg/ deciliter (dL)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of serum creatinine
Measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Measured in mL/min/1.73m\^2 in categories (under 30 / 30-44 / 45-59 / above or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73m\^2)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of creatinine clearence (CrCl)
Measured in mL/ minute (min)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of serum albumin levels
Measured in grams (g)/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of albuminuria
Defined as UACR (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio) under 30 (A1), above or equal to 30 (A2), or above or equal to 300 mg/g (A3). Measured in mg/g in categories (A1 / A2 / A3)
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of albumin-tocreatinine ratio (ACR)
Measured in mg/g
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of platelets
Measured in 10\^9 cells/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of neutrophils
Measured in 10\^9 cells/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of lymphocytes
Measured in 10\^9 cells/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of monocytes
Measured in 10\^9 cells/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of troponin T (TnT)/high sensitive (hs)-TnT
Measured in ng/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of troponin I (TnI)/high sensitive (hs)-TnI
Measured in ng/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of fasting glucose
Measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of hemoglobin (Hb)
Measured in g/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Measured in percentage of total Hb
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of triglycerides
Measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of total cholesterol
Measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)
Measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)
Measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of lipoprotein A (LpA)
Measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of alanine transaminase (ALT)
Measured in unit (U) /L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of aspartate transaminase (AST)
Measured in U/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of FIB-4 score
FIB-4 liver fibrosis score, with previously validated cut-off points to rule in and out the risk of advanced liver fibrosis. FIB-4 score indicating low to high risk ranges from 0.1 (low risk) to 20 (highest risk), where the higher score indicates a higher risk or greater severity of advanced liver fibrosis. Measured categorically as score on the scale (under 1.45, 1.45-2.67, and above 2.67).
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of N-terminal pro-Btype natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels
Measured in ng/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
Measured in milli-unit (mU)/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels
Measured in U/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of luteinizing hormone (LH) levels
Measured in U/L
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of progesterone levels
Measured in ng/mL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of estrogen levels
Measured in picograms (pg)/mL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
Laboratory assessment of testosterone levels
Measured in ng/dL
Time frame: Baseline (at index date i.e., between 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2025)
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