Hand Hygiene Compliance and Bacterial Colonization on Personal Belongings

Inclusion Criteria: * Nurses who agree to participate in the study and provide written informed consent. * Nurses working in the intensive care units of the participating hospitals. * Nurses who regularly bring and actively use a mobile phone, pen, and identification badge during clinical work. Exclusion Criteria: * Nurses who do not agree to participate in the study or do not provide written informed consent. * Nurses who are absent from the intensive care unit during the data collection period due to annual leave, sick leave, maternity leave, or educational activities outside the hospital. * Nurses with an open wound or injury on their hands that prevents them from appropriately performing standard hand hygiene practices, including handwashing and use of hand disinfectant. * Nurses who do not participate directly in patient care, including administrative nurses, charge nurses who are not involved in clinical practice, and infection control nurses responsible for unit-level infection control. * Participants who do not completely complete the questionnaire or have circumstances that prevent adherence to aseptic procedures during microbiological sampling.