This prospective observational study aims to identify predictors of severe postoperative pain during the first 24 hours after elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors will be evaluated to determine their association with severe postoperative pain.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
200
Participants will receive routine spinal anesthesia and standard perioperative care for elective cesarean delivery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables will be recorded without any study-specific intervention.
Bursa City Hospital
Bursa, Nilüfer, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGIncidence of Severe Postoperative Pain
Severe postoperative pain will be defined as a Numerical Rating Scale score of 6 or higher. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after surgery
Preoperative Anxiety Score
Preoperative anxiety will be assessed using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale anxiety subscale. Scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Time frame: Before surgery
Preoperative Information Requirement Score
Information requirements will be assessed using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale information subscale. Scores range from 2 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater information needs.
Time frame: Before surgery
Expected Postoperative Pain
Expected postoperative pain will be assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater expected pain.
Time frame: Before surgery
Intraoperative Visceral Pain
The proportion of patients who experience visceral pain during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia will be recorded as a binary outcome (Yes/No).
Time frame: During surgery
Incidence of Intraoperative Shoulder Pain
The proportion of patients who experience shoulder pain during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia will be recorded as a binary outcome (Yes/No).
Time frame: During surgery
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Incidence of Intraoperative Hypotension
The occurrence of hypotension during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia will be recorded.
Time frame: During surgery
Intraoperative Vasopressor Requirement
The requirement for vasopressor administration during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia will be recorded.
Time frame: During surgery