Virtual Reality-Based Breathing Yoga Before Chest Tube Removal After Cardiac Surgery

Sennur Kula Şahin52 enrolled

Overview

This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of virtual reality-based breathing yoga applied before chest tube removal on pain and anxiety in patients after cardiac surgery. A total of 52 patients with chest tubes were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=26) or a control group (n=26). Patients in the intervention group watched breathing yoga videos through virtual reality glasses for 15-20 minutes before chest tube removal, while patients in the control group received standard care. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, and anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Pain and anxiety levels were evaluated before and after chest tube removal.

Chest tube removal after cardiac surgery may cause pain and anxiety. Non-pharmacological approaches such as virtual reality and breathing-based relaxation techniques may help improve patient comfort during invasive procedures. This prospective, parallel, two-arm, single-center randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of virtual reality-based breathing yoga before chest tube removal in patients who had undergone cardiac surgery. Eligible participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group received a 15-20-minute virtual reality-based breathing yoga intervention before chest tube removal in addition to standard care. Participants in the control group received standard care without the virtual reality intervention. Pain and state anxiety were assessed before and after chest tube removal using the Visual Analog Scale and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, respectively.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 70 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18-70 years * Underwent coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery * Willing to participate in the study * Mobilized and extubated on the second postoperative day * Able to communicate without cognitive, sensory, or verbal impairment * No diagnosed psychiatric disorder * No vertigo * No diagnosis of hypertension and not receiving antihypertensive treatment * Not receiving sedative or anxiolytic medication * No major intraoperative or postoperative complications, such as severe bleeding, nausea, or vomiting Exclusion Criteria: \- Remained intubated on the second postoperative day

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in State Anxiety Level

State anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State subscale (STAI-I). The scale consists of 20 items and yields a total score ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating higher levels of state anxiety.

Time frame: 30 minutes before chest tube removal and 15 minutes after chest tube removal

Secondary Outcomes

Change in Pain Intensity

Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Participants indicated their perceived pain intensity on a line anchored from "no pain" to "very severe pain," with higher values indicating greater pain intensity.