Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in Preoperative Grading of Cerebral Gliomas

N/ANot Yet RecruitingNCT07813741

Assiut University90 enrolled

Overview

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Determining whether a glioma is low-grade or high-grade before surgery is essential for surgical planning, choosing treatment pathways, and determining prognosis. Currently, definitive grading requires invasive tissue sampling through surgical resection or biopsy. Although conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely performed, conventional sequences often show overlapping features between low-grade and high-grade tumors, limiting their ability to reliably predict tumor grade. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is an advanced MRI sequence sensitive to microscopic magnetic field distortions caused by blood products, calcification, and abnormal tumor blood vessels. On SWI, these features appear as intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS). Because high-grade gliomas typically display greater vascular proliferation and microhemorrhages than low-grade gliomas, quantifying ITSS may provide a non-invasive surrogate for tumor grade. The primary purpose of this prospective observational study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SWI in the preoperative grading of cerebral gliomas, comparing imaging findings directly against histopathological examination according to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Adult participants with radiologically suspected cerebral gliomas who are scheduled for surgical resection or stereotactic biopsy will undergo a standardized preoperative brain MRI protocol. This protocol incorporates SWI alongside conventional MRI sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI/ADC), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Two independent radiologists blinded to pathology will assess and grade intratumoral susceptibility signals. Following surgery, imaging-predicted grades will be compared with the final tissue pathology to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy of SWI.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

Conditions

Glioma Brain Neoplasms

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients aged 18 years and older. * Neuroimaging (CT or MRI) findings suggestive of cerebral glioma. * Patients scheduled for surgical resection or stereotactic biopsy. Exclusion Criteria: * Previous brain surgery for the same lesion. * Previous cranial radiotherapy or chemotherapy. * General contraindications to MRI (e.g., cardiac pacemakers, ferromagnetic implants, or severe claustrophobia). * Poor-quality MRI examinations compromised by significant motion or susceptibility artifacts.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Diagnostic Accuracy of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI)

Diagnostic accuracy is evaluated as the percentage of participants correctly categorized as having low-grade or high-grade cerebral gliomas using preoperative susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) grading, compared against the reference standard of histopathological examination according to the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. ITSS is evaluated on a 4-point scale: Grade 0 (no ITSS), Grade 1 (1-5 dot-like/linear signals), Grade 2 (6-10 signals), and Grade 3 (\>10 signals or confluent areas). Scores are dichotomized into low-grade (Grades 0-1) and high-grade (Grades 2-3) gliomas.

Time frame: Baseline