Time-Restricted Eating and Exercise for Bone Health

Inclusion Criteria: * Men and women aged 50-75 years with body mass index (BMI) \>25kg/m2 * Osteopenia, defined as a T score between -1.0 and -2.5 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip * Elevated adiposity, defined by waist circumference \>102 cm in men or \>88 cm in women * Stable health history over the past 2 months * Stable medication history over the past 2 months, as recommended by the primary provider * Willing and able to provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Participation in a formal weight loss program, intentional caloric restriction, fasting \>10 hours/day, or ≥10 pounds weight loss within the past 3 months * Current participation in structured exercise training, supervised rehabilitation, or \>150 minutes/week of moderate intensity physical activity * Medical conditions or use of medications affecting bone metabolism * Diagnosed diabetes or use of insulin or glucose lowering medications * Resting heart rate \>120 beats/minute or daytime blood pressure ≥180/100 mmHg * Unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke within the past 3 months * Continuous supplemental oxygen use for chronic pulmonary disease or heart failure * Rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, dialysis, active cancer treatment within the past year, or diagnosed cognitive impairment * Absolute contraindications to exercise training according to American College of Sports Medicine guidelines * Unable to fast for 16 hours * Any condition that in the opinion of the investigator would impair ability to participate in the trial