The goal of this clinical study is to investigate whether the additional intake of sildenafil 20mg on top of standard medical treatment results in a benefit on maximum exercise workload (Wmax) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
This study is a prospective, randomized, cross-over trial evaluating the effects of additive 20 mg sildenafil versus placebo/sham dextrose candy on exercise capacity in patients with previously diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a progressive and debilitating disease characterized by increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), leading to right ventricular overload, and ultimately right heart failure. Despite advancements in pharmacological therapy, treatment options remain limited and optimizing individualized approaches to improve exercise capacity and manage symptom burden remains a challenge. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil, are cornerstones of PAH treatment, enhancing pulmonary vasodilation and improving haemodynamics. While three times daily dosing is standard with three time 20-80mg daily. On-demand additive sildenafil use before exercise has not been studied, but as recent trials have shown that dosing up to three times 80mg is as safe as 20mg, there is a potential that additive therapy may be beneficial. Given sildenafil's rapid onset of action with peak effects after 30-120 minutes, it may offer acute functional benefits regarding maximum workload (Wmax) when administered shortly beforehand, in the terms of a "pill-in-the pocket" intake. After providing informed consent, eligible participants (aged 18 - 80 years, with PAH diagnosed according to the ESC/ERS 2022/2019 guidelines) will be randomly assigned to receive either 20 mg sildenafil or dextrose candy (Dextro Energy). 45 minutes post-intake, they will undergo incremental spiroergometry (10-20 W increases) and right heart focused stress-echocardiography on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion. After a rest phase of 30 minutes, patients will perform CWRET at 75% of achieved Wmax until exhaustion. Then, after a washout period of minimum 24 hours up to 12 weeks, participants will cross over to the opposite treatment, repeating the same protocol. In case of a beneficial result, our study could support the use of an additive pill-in-the-pocket therapy strategy which may allow treatment to be tailored to the individual activity demands of patients.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
20
Administration of Dextrose Candy by mouth as a tablet.
Administration of Sildenafil 20mg by mouth as a tablet.
University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Pulmonology
Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
RECRUITINGMaximum workload (Wmax)
The difference in maximum workload (Wmax) attained during maximum spiroergometry 45 minutes after treatment with Sildenafil 20mg (Revatio 20mg) versus dextrose candy (Dextro Energy).
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Time to Exhaustion (Tmax)
Difference in Time to Exhaustion (Tmax)attained during CWRET after treatment with Sildenafil 20mg (Revatio 20mg) versus dextrose candy (Dextro Energy)
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET, CWRET): Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Change in Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Stroke Volume (SV)
Change in Stroke Volume (SV) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)
Change in Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) during CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Borg CR10 (Borg Category-Ratio 10 Scale)
Changes in Borg CR10 questionnaire (Borg Category-Ratio 10 Scale) after CPET / CWRET (0-10, higher values indicate more severe symptoms)
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Tricuspid Regurgitation Pressure Gradient (TRPG)
Change in Tricuspid Regurgitation Pressure Gradient (TRPG) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
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Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Blood Pressure (BP)
Change in Blood Pressure (BP) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Heart Rate (HR)
Change in Heart Rate (HR) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Rate Pressure Product (RPP)
Change in Rate Pressure Product (RPP) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Maximum Uptake of Oxygen (V'O2max)
Change Maximum Uptake of Oxygen (V'O2max) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Maximum Carbon Dioxide Production (V'CO2max)
Change in Maximum Carbon Dioxide Production (V'CO2max) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Maximum Minute Ventilation (V'Emax)
Change in Maximum Minute Ventilation (V'Emax) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Maximum Ventilatory Equivalent for Oxygen (V'E/VO2)
Change in Maximum Ventilatory Equivalent for Oxygen (V'E/VO2) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Maximum Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide (V'E/VCO2)
Change in Maximum Ventilatory Equivalent for Carbon Dioxide (V'E/VCO2) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Breathing Frequency (BF)
Change in Breathing Frequency (BF) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Cardiometabolic parameters (CPET / CWRET): Breathing Reserve (BR)
Change in Breathing Reserve (BR) during CPET / CWRET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Arterial Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)
Change in Arterial Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2) during CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Change in Bicarbonate HCO3- before and after CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
Change in Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) before and after CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Base Excess (BE)
Change in Base Excess (BE) before and after CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Lactate (lac)
Change in Lactate (lac) concentration before and after CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Hemoglobin (Hb)
Change in Hemoglobin (Hb) before and after CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Arterial blood gases: Hematocrit (Hct)
Change in Hematocrit (Hct) before and after CPET.
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Tricuspid Regurgitation Velocity (TRV)
Change in Tricuspid Regurgitation Velocity (TRV) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Right Atrial Pressure (RAP)
Change in Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Systolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (sPAP)
Change in Systolic Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (sPAP) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Fractional Area Change (FAC)
Change in Fractional Area Change (FAC) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)
Change in Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Ratio of Tricuspid Regurgitation Pressure Gradient to Cardiac Output (TRPG/CO)
Change in Ratio of Tricuspid Regurgitation Pressure Gradient to Cardiac Output (TRPG/CO) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Cardiac Output (CO)
Change in Cardiac Output (CO) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days
Focused Stress-Echocardiography (Right Heart): Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)
Change in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) during CPET
Time frame: Within 1 - 90 days