This randomized, double-blind, four-arm clinical trial evaluates the effects of green tea mouthwash on halitosis, periodontal health, salivary stress biomarkers, and oxidative stress in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Participants aged 15-25 years are assigned to one of four mouthwash groups: two green tea mouthwashes, a fluoride mouthwash, or normal saline. Outcomes are assessed before treatment and during follow-up using halitosis measurements, periodontal assessments, salivary biomarkers, and microbiological analysis.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
100
Participants use Green Tea Mouthwash A during fixed orthodontic treatment according to the study protocol.
Participants use Green Tea Mouthwash B during fixed orthodontic treatment according to the study protocol.
Participants use a fluoride-containing mouthwash during fixed orthodontic treatment according to the study protocol.
Participants use normal saline as the placebo mouthwash during fixed orthodontic treatment according to the study protocol.
Al-Hadi University, College of Dentistry, Dental Specialized Center
Baghdad, Aljadriya, Iraq
Change in Halitosis Level Measured by Halimeter
Halitosis is assessed using a Halimeter. Two readings are obtained at each assessment and averaged. Results are recorded in parts per billion (ppb)
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months
Change in Salivary Cortisol Level
Salivary cortisol concentration is measured using the Cobas e411 system and reported in nmol/L
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months
Change in Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level
Salivary malondialdehyde concentration is measured using an ELISA assay and reported according to the assay units.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months
Change in Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
Salivary total antioxidant capacity is measured using a colorimetric assay as an indicator of antioxidant status.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months
Self-Perceived Halitosis and Oral and Dental Health
Self-perceived halitosis and oral and dental health are assessed using questionnaire items adapted from a validated questionnaire and administered to participants undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
Time frame: day 0 and after 3 months
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