Sandwich vs. Mixed Bone Augmentation for Implant Placement

Inclusion Criteria: * Minimum dentition of 20 permanent teeth * Single edentulous site at maxillary premolar, canine, lateral incisor, or central incisor * Adjacent teeth present with sufficient clearance for an implant crown * Ridge width between 4 mm and 7 mm at the edentulous site Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic criteria: * Current heavy smokers (\>10 cigarettes per day) or heavy smokers who quitted less than 1 year * Pregnancy or lactating mothers * Diseases of the immune system or any medical condition that may influence the treatment outcome (for examples uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c \>7), uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, neurologic or psychiatric disorders, systemic infections, history of radiation therapy in the head and neck area, current use of oral bisphosphonates for \>3 years or history of IV bisphosphonates use, current alcoholism or drug abuse, etc.) * Intraoral criteria: * Acute infection at/or adjacent to the edentulous site (e.g., sinus tract, swelling, etc.) * Observable gingival changes due to use of medications such as calcium antagonists, anticonvulsives, immunosuppressants, anti-inflammatory medications, etc.) * Generalized uncontrolled dental diseases, e.g. caries, periodontal diseases, etc. * Uncontrolled periodontal disease * Poor oral hygiene (\>20% plaque score) * CBCT criteria: • More than 7 mm of alveolar ridge with at the edentulous site present on CBCT scans * Intraoperative criteria: * An implant without primary stability \>35N