Chinese Hemoptysis Registry Study (CHORE)

Overview

This is a prospective, multicenter, observational registry study of hemoptysis in China. Hospitalized patients with active hemoptysis who undergo vascular interventional diagnosis and therapy will be consecutively enrolled from tertiary hospitals across China. Baseline clinical, imaging, angiographic, procedural, and in-hospital outcome data will be collected, and patients will be followed at 1 and 3 months and every 6 months for at least 2 years. The study aims to describe the real-world epidemiology and etiology spectrum of hemoptysis in China, evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of interventional therapy, identify independent risk factors for recurrence, and build a recurrence prediction model to support standardized diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis.

Background: Hemoptysis is one of the most common respiratory emergencies, with a mortality of over 75% for massive hemoptysis when untreated. Bronchial artery embolization and other vascular interventions have become first-line therapy, with immediate hemostasis rates of 70-99%. However, no nationwide standardized multicenter registry for hemoptysis exists in China; the epidemiological characteristics, etiology spectrum, individualized interventional strategies, long-term prognosis, and recurrence mechanisms of Chinese patients with hemoptysis remain unclear. Objectives: (1) To describe the cross-sectional etiology spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of hemoptysis in China; (2) to evaluate the immediate and long-term efficacy of vascular interventional therapy, including immediate hemostasis success rate, clinical success rate, and long-term recurrence rate across different etiologies; (3) to identify independent risk factors for post-interventional recurrence using Cox regression and construct a nomogram prediction model; (4) to validate the clinical value of the "systemic-to-pulmonary shunt" hypothesis in interventional management of hemoptysis; (5) to provide high-quality evidence for standardization of interventional diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis. Methods: Consecutively hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years with active hemoptysis (\>100 mL in a single episode or \>300 mL/day) refractory to medical treatment, confirmed by chest CT/CTA, bronchoscopy, or angiography, and undergoing vascular interventional diagnosis and therapy will be enrolled. A minimum of 2500 patients will be enrolled over approximately 4 years (September 2026 to December 2030). Follow-up visits are scheduled at 1 and 3 months after discharge and every 6 months thereafter for at least 2 years, recording hemoptysis recurrence, intervention-related complications, all-cause and hemoptysis-specific death.