Trends and Risk Factors of Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Primary PCI

Overview

This single-center, ambispective cohort study will use real-world data from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. About 8,000 patients aged 18 years or older with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 2009 to 2028 will be included. Patients will be grouped into four periods: 2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2023, and 2024-2028. The study aims to describe 20-year trends in in-hospital events and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) within 2 years after PCI and to identify independent risk factors. The primary outcome is MACCE within 2 years, defined as a composite of all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven repeat revascularization, and non-fatal ischemic stroke. Key secondary outcomes include in-hospital all-cause death, impaired myocardial perfusion, malignant arrhythmia, acute heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischemic stroke, and bleeding events. Data will come from electronic medical records and the cardiac catheterization database.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of cardiovascular death in China. Primary PCI improves outcomes, but patients remain at risk of in-hospital events and long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Long-term real-world evidence from China is limited. Design: This single-center, ambispective cohort study will include about 8,000 AMI patients aged 18 years or older treated with primary PCI at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from 2009 to 2028. Patients will be divided into four periods: 2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2023, and 2024-2028. Follow-up will be 2 years after PCI or until an endpoint event, death, or loss to follow-up. Objectives: To describe the incidence and 20-year trends of in-hospital events and 2-year MACCE, and to identify independent risk factors. Outcomes: The primary outcome is 2-year MACCE, defined as a composite of all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven repeat revascularization, and non-fatal ischemic stroke. The key secondary outcome is in-hospital all-cause death. Other secondary outcomes include impaired myocardial perfusion, malignant arrhythmia, acute heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischemic stroke, and bleeding events. Data and Analysis: Data will be obtained from electronic medical records and the cardiac catheterization database. Retrospective data will be collected for 2009-2026, with prospective enrollment for 2027-2028. Descriptive analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, Cox proportional hazards models, and logistic regression will be used. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed. Ethics: Ethical approval will be obtained from the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Written informed consent will be obtained from prospective patients; verbal consent or a waiver will be requested for retrospective patients. No study-specific interventions are involved in this observational study.