Scapular Stabilization Versus Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique in Scapular Dyskinesis

Overview

Office workers, typically engaged in administrative or professional roles, are increasingly susceptible to scapular dyskinesis (SD). Poor ergonomic setups at workstations have been identified as a major contributing factor to musculoskeletal discomfort in this population. Scapular stabilization and neuromuscular training have shown efficacy in improving scapular mechanics. However, direct comparisons of these interventions in office worker populations remain limited. To address this knowledge gap, a randomized clinical trial was conducted to directly compare the two treatment approaches. Outcome measures included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Scapular Assistance Test (SAT), Visual Scapular Dyskinesis Test, digital inclinometer, and digital vernier caliper to determine which method is more effective in reducing pain, disability, and improving ROM, and scapular kinematic and neuromuscular control in office workers with Scapular Dyskinesis.

Scapular dyskinesis is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by abnormal movement or positioning of the scapula (shoulder blade). This condition is commonly associated with prolonged sedentary work, poor ergonomic practices, and sustained postures. Office workers who use computers for prolonged periods are increasingly experiencing neck and shoulder pain. Poor ergonomic setups at workstations have been identified as a major contributing factor to musculoskeletal discomfort in this population. Studies have shown that using a keyboard for 4 to 6 hours per day significantly increases the risk of developing neck and shoulder pain compared with less frequent computer use. Furthermore, many office workers adopt a forward head posture for extended periods, which places stress on the soft tissues of the cervical spine. Prolonged stress can negatively affect shoulder and scapular function, often resulting in alterations in normal scapular movement. Scapular stabilization exercises are designed to improve scapular position and control, while proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training focuses on coordinated scapular movements and muscle activation. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of scapular stabilization exercises with proprioceptive neuromuscular activation training in office workers with scapular dyskinesis. The primary outcomes of the study include pain and functional disability. Secondary outcomes include shoulder range of motion (ROM), scapular movement, and scapular positioning. The findings of this study may provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of scapular stabilization and proprioceptive neuromuscular activation training for improving pain, shoulder range of motion, functional ability, scapular kinematics and neuromuscular in office workers with scapular dyskinesis.