Clofarabine/Ara-C Treatment Combined With Reduced-intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Primary Treatment Failure

Inclusion Criteria: * Confirmed diagnosis of AML in the status of primary induction failure (i.e. persistent leukemia after 2 courses of induction chemotherapy or persisting bone marrow hypoplasia fol-lowing induction chemotherapy +/-minimal residual disease) * Age: 18-55 years * Availability of an HLA identical family donor OR unrelated donor with matching in 10/10 alleles (HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1) or maximum of 1 allele or antigen mismatch OR family donor with maximum 1 allele mismatch. * Have adequate renal and hepatic functions as indicated by the following laboratory values: * Serum creatinine ≤1.0 mg/dL; if serum creatinine \>1.0 mg/dL, then the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be \>60 mL/min/1.73 m² as calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation where Predicted GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) = 186 x (Serum Creatinine)-1.154 x (age in years)-0.023 x (0.742 if patient is female) * Serum bilirubin ≤1.5 mg/dL × upper limit of normal (ULN) * Aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤2.5 × ULN * Alkaline phosphatase ≤2.5 × ULN Exclusion Criteria: * Documented chloroma * Patients having AML M3 * Documented leukemic infiltration of CNS/cerebrospinal fluid * Karnofsky performance score below \< 60% * Acute or chronic heart failure * HIV infection, chronic viral hepatitis * Severe neurological or psychiatric disorders * Any circumstances that preclude the use of the drugs used within the protocol * Prior allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation * \> 3 courses of prior chemotherapy * Denied informed consent * Pregnancy or denied of effective contraceptive method