Veliparib, Radiation Therapy, and Temozolomide in Treating Younger Patients With Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Pontine Gliomas

National Cancer Institute (NCI)66 enrolled

Overview

This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and the best dose of veliparib when given together with radiation therapy and temozolomide and to see how well they work in treating younger patients newly diagnosed with diffuse pontine gliomas. Veliparib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x rays to kill tumor cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as temozolomide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving veliparib with radiation therapy and temozolomide may kill more tumor cells.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To identify the maximum-tolerated dose or recommended Phase II dose of ABT-888 (veliparib) which can be safely administered concurrently with radiation therapy, followed by maintenance therapy with ABT-888 and temozolomide (TMZ), in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse pontine gliomas (DIPG). (Phase I) II. To study the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of ABT-888 during ABT-888 and radiation therapy. (Phase I) III. To study the feasibility of intra-patient dose escalation of TMZ during maintenance therapy with ABT-888 and TMZ. (Phase I) IV. To describe the toxicities associated with administering ABT-888 and radiation therapy, followed by ABT-888 and TMZ, in patients with newly diagnosed DIPG. (Phase I) V. To estimate the proportion of newly diagnosed DIPG patients treated on protocol that are determined to have experienced pseudo progression. (Phase I) VI. To estimate the overall survival distribution for newly diagnosed patients with DIPG treated with the combination of ABT-888 and radiation therapy, followed by ABT-888 and TMZ, and compare to Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) historical controls. (Phase II) VII. To study the feasibility of intra-patient dose escalation of TMZ during maintenance therapy with ABT-888 and TMZ. (Phase II) VIII. To estimate the proportion of newly diagnosed DIPG patients treated on protocol that are determined to have experienced pseudo progression. (Phase II) SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) distribution and to summarize the best tumor responses observed prior to progression or recurrence. II. To explore the plasma PK of ABT-888 during ABT-888 and radiation therapy. III. To explore peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP) activity before and after treatment with ABT-888. IV. To explore quantifying non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) activity or gamma-H2A histone family, member X (H2AX) levels (as surrogate markers of unrepaired double-strand breaks (DSBs)) in PBMC before and after treatment with ABT-888. V. To explore quantifying PARP activity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-repair protein levels in biopsied atypical pontine gliomas, if available. VI. To explore associations of molecular parameters from secondary aims III, IV, and V with PFS and overall survival (OS) after conclusion of clinical trial. VII. To explore the quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) measures of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), vascular permeability (Ktrans, fractional plasma volume \[vp\], and extravascular extracellular space volume fraction \[ve\] values), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) within the first six months of initiating protocol treatment to correlate with disease outcome and determine whether such metrics differentiate patients with pseudo progression from those with true early progressive disease. VIII. To explore the potential utility of urine biomarkers as a novel, non-invasive method of detecting and tracking changes in the status of pediatric brain stem gliomas. OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study of veliparib followed by a phase II study. DOSE-ESCALATION: Patients receive veliparib orally (PO) twice daily (BID) 5 days a week for 6-7 weeks. Patients also undergo concurrent 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) once daily (QD) 5 days a week for 6-7 weeks. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Beginning 3-4 weeks later, patients receive veliparib PO BID on days 1-5 and temozolomide PO QD on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 10 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for up to 3 years.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMax age: 21 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), defined as tumors with a pontine epicenter and diffuse intrinsic involvement of the pons, are eligible without histologic confirmation; patients with brainstem tumors that do not meet these criteria or not considered to be typical intrinsic pontine gliomas will only be eligible if the tumors are biopsied and proven to be an anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, gliosarcoma, anaplastic mixed glioma, or fibrillary astrocytoma * Patients with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, pilomyxoid astrocytoma, fibrillary astrocytoma, gangliogliomas, or other mixed gliomas without anaplasia are not eligible; * Patients with disseminated disease are not eligible, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine must be performed if disseminated disease is suspected by the treating physician * Patient must be able to swallow oral medications to be eligible for study enrollment * Karnofsky \>= 50% for patients \> 16 years of age or Lansky \>= 50% for patients =\< 16 years of age; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score * Patients must have not received any prior therapy other than surgery and/or steroids * Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,000/mm\^3 * Platelets \>= 100,000/mm\^3 (unsupported) * Hemoglobin \>= 10 g/dL (unsupported) * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) for age * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT)) =\< 5 x institutional upper limit of normal for age * Albumin \>= 2 g/dL * Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows: * 0.6 mg/dL (1 to \< 2 years of age) * 0.8 mg/dL (2 to \< 6 years of age) * 1.0 mg/dL (6 to \< 10 years of age) * 1.2 mg/dL (10 to \< 13 years of age) * 1.5 mg/dL (male) or 1.4 mg/dL (female) (13 to \< 16 years of age) * 1.7 mg/dL (male) or 1.4 mg/dL (female) (\>= 16 years of age) * Female patients of childbearing potential must not be pregnant or breast-feeding; female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test * Patients of childbearing or child-fathering potential must be willing to use a medically acceptable form of birth control, which includes abstinence, while being treated on this study * Signed informed consent according to institutional guidelines must be obtained; assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with any clinically significant unrelated systemic illness (serious infections or significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or other organ dysfunction), that would compromise the patient's ability to tolerate protocol therapy or would likely interfere with the study procedures or results * Patients with inability to return for follow-up visits or obtain follow-up studies required to assess toxicity to therapy * Patients with active seizures or a history of seizure are not eligible for study entry, with the exception of patients with documented febrile seizure

Locations (12)

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University

Palo Alto, California, United States

Children's National Medical Center

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

New York, New York, United States

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

...and 2 more locations

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Maximum-tolerated Dose of Veliparib Defined as Highest Dose Level With Fewer Than 2 Dose Limiting Toxicities in 6 Patients as Assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (Phase I)

The traditional 3+3 dose finding algorithm was used to estimate the maximum-tolerated dose of veliparib given concurrently with radiation therapy. The dose-limiting toxicity observation period was the first 10 weeks of therapy. Dose-limiting toxicities included any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity, any grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity with a few exceptions (see section 5.2.1.2 of the protocol document), any grade 2 non-hematologic toxicity that persisted for \>7 days and considered medically significant that required treatment interruption; grade 3 or higher thrombocytopenia or grade 4 neutropenia; and any Veliparib related adverse event that led to a dose reduction or the permanent cessation of therapy.

Time frame: 10 weeks

Percentage of Participants Observed to Have Unacceptable Toxicity During the Intra-patient Dose Escalation of Temozolomide During Maintenance Therapy (Feasibility Analysis Population)

Unacceptable toxicities during maintenance included events at least possibly attributable to Veliparib and temozolomide (TMZ) such as any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity, any grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity with some exceptions (e.g., grade 3 nausea/vomiting \<5 days, grade 3 fever or infection \<5 days), grade 3+ thrombocytopenia, grade 4 neutropenia, delay \>14 days in starting subsequent cycle due to neutrophil \<1,000/mm3 or platelet \<100,000/mm3. Maintenance therapy was initiated with 25 mg/m2 Veliparib and 135 mg/m2 of TMZ, with the possibility to escalate TMZ to 175 mg/m2 and 200 mg/m2 in courses 2 and 3, respectively, if no unacceptable toxicities occurred following one course of treatment at each of the dose levels to be tested. Intra-patient dose escalation to a given dose (135, 175, or 200 mg/m2) was halted based on rules employed in 3+3 designs. This dose escalation was intended for all patients but was halted early, during the phase I portion, as it was not well tolerated.

Time frame: 28 days per treatment cycle

Overall Survival

Overall survival was defined as the interval from date on treatment to date of death from any cause or to date of last follow-up. Patients who had not failed (died) at the time of analyses were censored at their last date of contact. The method of Kaplan and Meier was used to estimate overall survival. The 3-year estimate with a 95% confidence interval is reported.

Time frame: Time from initiation of therapy to the date of death from any cause or to the date patient was known to be alive for surviving patients, assessed to up to 3 years

Number of Phase I Patients Who Experienced Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)

DLTs were defined as any of the following adverse events that were at least possibly attributable to Veliparib observed during the dose finding phase (the first 10 weeks of therapy). Hematologic dose limiting toxicities included grade 3 and higher thrombocytopenia or grade 4 neutropenia. Non-hematologic dose limiting toxicities included any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity, any grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity with some exceptions (e.g., nausea and vomiting of \<5 days; fever or infection of \<5 days; hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia responsive to oral supplementation; elevation of transaminases that return to levels meeting eligibility criteria within 7 days), or any grade non-hematologic toxicity that persisted for \>7 days and considered medically significant or sufficiently intolerable by patients that required treatment interruption.

Time frame: 10 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Progression-free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the interval from date of treatment initiation to date of first event (disease progression or relapse, second malignancy or death from any cause). Patients who had not failed at the time of analyses were censored at their last date of contact. The method of Kaplan and Meier was used to estimate PFS. A 3-year estimate with a 95% confidence interval is reported.

Time frame: Time from initiation of treatment to the earliest date of failure (disease progression, death from any cause, or second malignancy), assessed up to 3 years

Percentage of Patients With Pseudo Progression

For participants that showed possible tumor progression (pseudo progression) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the first 6 months of therapy, treating physicians had the option of allowing patients to remain on therapy and repeating the disease assessment in 4-6 weeks. If the repeat MRI at 4-6 weeks showed disease progression, the patient was noted to have true disease progression (and the progression date corresponded to that of the first MRI). If the repeat MRI at 4-6 weeks did not show disease progression, then the patient was noted to have pseudo progression. The percentage of patients observed to have experienced pseudo progression was provided with a 95% confidence interval.

Time frame: Up to 6 months

Maximum Concentration of Veliparib (Cmax) on Days 1 and 4 (Measured in ng/mL) [Pharmacokinetic Parameter]

During course 1, blood samples were collected pre-veliparib on day 1, at 0.5, 1, 2, and 6-8 hours after the first dose, pre-veliparib on day 4 (steady state), and 2 hours after the morning dose. Veliparib concentrations were measured using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using a non-compartmental analysis. Cmax measures the highest concentration of drug.

Time frame: Up to day 4

Mean Apparent Clearance (CL/F) for Veliparib [Pharmacokinetic Parameter]