To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R2-CHOP) chemotherapy versus placebo, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (placebo-R-CHOP) chemotherapy in patients who have previously untreated ABC type DLBCL.
This research study is for patients with newly diagnosed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) of the activated B-cell (ABC) type who have not yet been treated. DLBCL is a cancer of a type of blood cell called B-lymphocytes. B lymphocytes are part of the body's immune system. There are different types of DLBCL. About a third of newly diagnosed DLBCL cancers are the ABC type. It has been observed that treatment does not work as well for patients with the ABC type compared to patients with other DLBCL types who receive standard treatment. However, at this time both ABC type and other DLBCL type patients receive the same standard treatments. Patients with DLBCL who are otherwise healthy are usually treated first with the chemotherapy drug combination called R-CHOP. The drugs in this combination are "R" for rituximab, "C" for cyclophosphamide, "H" for doxorubicin which has a chemical name of hydroxydaunomycin, "O" for vincristine which has a trade name of oncovin, and "P" for prednisone. Depending on the local practice where you are treated, R-CHOP may be given for 6 or 8 cycles. A cycle could lasts for 14 or 21 days. The R-CHOP drug combination is approved for the treatment of DLBCL of all types, including ABC type. R-CHOP is standard care. This study will test the standard R-CHOP21 against R-CHOP21 plus lenalidomide. The purpose is to see whether adding lenalidomide works better and is as safe as R-CHOP by itself. This study is only for patients with ABC type DLBCL who have not yet been treated. Lenalidomide is not approved for use in DLBCL. Its use in this disease is experimental. In this study, the experimental treatment is lenalidomide + R-CHOP21 x 6. This study will use a gene expression profile (GEP) test to see if a patient has the ABC type. The results of this GEP test affect whether you may be treated on this study. Because the performance of this test has not been proven, it is for investigational use only, and is still under development. This means the GEP test is an experimental test.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
570
Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Progression free survival was defined as the time (months) from the date of randomization to the date of disease progression or death (any cause), whichever occurred earlier and was assessed by the Independent Response Adjudication Committee (IRAC). Relapse from complete response (CR) was considered as disease progression throughout the study. Disease progression was determined based on the Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma. The PFS analysis was based on the censoring rules using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance. Participants who did not experience disease progression and who did not die before the clinical data cutoff date were censored at the date of last adequate response assessment.
Time frame: From the date of randomization up to the data cut off date of 15 March 2019; median follow-up of 24.5 months
Kaplan-Meier (K-M) Estimate of Event Free Survival (EFS)
EFS was defined as the time (months) from randomization until occurrence of one of the following events, whichever occurred first: • Disease progression • Initiation of subsequent systemic anti-lymphoma therapy • Death due to any cause The assessment of EFS was conducted by the IRAC using the International Working Group (IWG) criteria for NHL. Pre-specified optional therapies such as the extra 2 doses of single agent rituximab after Cycle 6 or consolidation radiotherapy did not count as an EFS event (initiation of subsequent systemic anti-lymphoma therapy) if the decision to treat and the location to be treated was determined prior to randomization. Participants who did not experience any of the events defined in the categories above before the clinical data cutoff date were censored at date last known alive.
Time frame: From the date of randomization up to the data cut off date of 15 March 2019; median follow-up was 24.5 months
K-M Estimate of Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival was assessed by the Independent Response Adjudication Committee (IRAC) and defined as time from randomization until death due to any cause. Participants who withdrew consent were censored at the time of withdrawal. Participants who were still alive before the clinical data cutoff date and participants who were lost to follow-up were censored at date last known alive.
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Local Institution - 177
Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
Local Institution - 136
Orange, California, United States
Local Institution - 127
Sacramento, California, United States
Local Institution - 169
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Local Institution - 128
Hollywood, Florida, United States
McFarland Clinic
Ames, Iowa, United States
Siouxland Hematology-Oncology Associates, LLP
Sioux City, Iowa, United States
Local Institution - 143
Fairway, Kansas, United States
Local Institution - 158
Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
Center For Cancer And Blood Disorders
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
...and 148 more locations
Time frame: From randomization until death due to any cause (up to approximately 86 months)
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response (CR)
The percentage of participants who achieved a CR after initiation of the study treatment and prior to initiation of subsequent systemic antilymphoma therapy as assessed by the IRAC. A CR = complete metabolic response; target nodes/nodal masses regressed on computed tomography to (≤ 1.5 cm in their greatest transverse diameter for nodes \> 1.5 cm prior to therapy. Regressed to normal size by imaging, and absence of nodules related to lymphoma. If bone marrow was involved prior to therapy, no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose avid disease in marrow per International Working Group (IWG) 2014 for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). Participants who did not have any adequate response assessments during this period were not considered as responders.
Time frame: From randomization date up to the data cut off date of 15 March 2019; median follow-up was 24.5 months
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved an Objective Response
An objective response = percentage of participants who achieved a complete response or partial response after initiation of the treatment and prior to initiation of subsequent systemic anti-lymphoma therapy. A CR = complete metabolic response; Target nodes/nodal masses regressed on computed tomography to (≤ 1.5 cm in their greatest transverse diameter for nodes \> 1.5 cm prior to therapy. Regressed to normal size by imaging, and absence of nodules related to lymphoma. If bone marrow was involved prior to therapy, no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose avid disease in marrow. PR = ≥ 50% decrease in sum of the product of the diameters (SPD) of up to 6 of the largest dominant nodes or nodal masses. No increase in other nodes, liver, or spleen. Splenic nodules regressed by ≥ 50% in their SPD or for single nodules, in the greatest transverse diameter; no new lesions. Participants who did not have any adequate response assessments during this period were not considered as responders.
Time frame: From randomization date up to the data cut off date of 15 March 2019; median total treatment duration was 18.10 weeks for both treatment arms; range = 1.6 to 29.0 weeks for R2-CHOP arm and 0.3 to 22.9 weeks for placebo-R-CHOP arm
K-M Estimate of Duration of Complete Response
Duration of complete response was calculated for complete responders only and was defined as the time from documented initial complete response prior to initiation of subsequent systemic antilymphoma therapy until documented disease progression or death, whichever occurred earlier. Participants who had not progressed or died at the time of the analysis were censored at the date of last response assessment demonstrating no disease progression. Participants who changed treatment without evidence of disease progression were censored at the last assessment showing no progression prior to treatment change.
Time frame: From randomization date up to the data cut off date of 15 March 2019; median follow-up was 24.5 months.
K-M Estimate of Time to Next Lymphoma Therapy (TTNLT)
Time to next lymphoma therapy was defined as the time from randomization to the time of treatment change for the next lymphoma treatment. Participants without treatment change were censored at date last known alive. Pre-specified optional therapies such as the extra 2 doses of single agent rituximab after Cycle 6 or consolidation radiotherapy did not count as treatment change for the next lymphoma therapy if the decision to treat and the location to be treated were determined prior to randomization.
Time frame: From randomization date up to the data cut off date of 15 March 2019; median follow-up was 24.5 months
Percentage of Participants Who Completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Lymphoma (FACT-Lym) Questionnaire
The completion rate for FACT-Lym assessments was judged by looking at the number of completed FACT-Lym assessments at each time point. The FACT-Lym was considered completed if at least 1 calculable score was present. Completion rates were calculated as the number and percentage of participants out of the total number of patients in the ITT population and summarized by visit/cycle and treatment group. The FACT-Lym is a health related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire targeted to the management of chronic illness, predominantly within oncology and is considered an extension of the FACT-General questionnaire.
Time frame: Screening, Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34
Percentage of Participants Who Completed the Euroqol 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L) Health Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) Questionnaire
The completion rate for EQ-5D assessments was judged by looking at the number of completed assessments at each time point. Completion rates were calculated as the number and percentage of participants out of the total number of patients in the ITT population and summarized by visit/cycle and treatment group. The EQ-5D-3L is a generic, self-reported preference-based measure of health across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, pain, usual activities, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has three levels of 'severity' corresponding to "no problems", "some problems" and "extreme problems". The instrument is scored using the United Kingdom (UK) index ranges from -0.594 - 1, where 0 equates to death and 1 equates to full health -0.594 is considered 'worse than death'.
Time frame: Screening, Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34
Mean Change From Baseline in the FACT-Lym Physical Well-Being Subscale
The FACT-Lym questionnaire is a validated instrument for assessing the impact of lymphoma on HRQL and contains 42 questions covering HRQL and common lymphoma symptoms and treatment side-effects. It begins with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G), which contains 27 questions covering four core subscales: Physical Wellbeing (7 items), Social/Family Wellbeing (7), Emotional Wellbeing (6), and Functional Wellbeing (7). The FACT-Lym also includes an Additional Concerns subscale (15 questions) used to assess NHL-related symptoms and concerns. All questions are answered on a 5-point scale ranging from "not at all" (0) to "very much" (4). The physical well-being subscale ranges from 0 to 28, where higher scores reflect better HRQoL.
Time frame: Baseline and Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34
Mean Change From Baseline in the FACT-Lym Additional Concerns Subscale
The FACT-Lym questionnaire is a validated instrument for assessing the impact of lymphoma on HRQL and contains 42 questions covering HRQL and common lymphoma symptoms and treatment side-effects. It begins with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G), which contains 27 questions covering four core subscales: Physical Wellbeing (7 items), Social/Family Wellbeing (7), Emotional Wellbeing (6), and Functional Wellbeing (7). The FACT-Lym also includes an Additional Concerns subscale (15 questions) used to assess NHL-related symptoms such as pain, itching, night sweats,trouble sleeping, fatigue and trouble concentrating and concerns regarding lumps and swelling, fevers, infections, weight, appetite, emotional stability and treatment. All questions are answered on a 5-point scale ranging from "not at all" (0) to "very much" (4). The Additional Concerns subscale ranges from 0 to 60, where higher scores reflect better HRQoL.
Time frame: Baseline and Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34
Mean Change From Baseline in the FACT-Lym Functional Well-Being Subscale
The FACT-Lym questionnaire is a validated instrument for assessing the impact of lymphoma on HRQL and contains 42 questions covering HRQL and common lymphoma symptoms and treatment side-effects. It begins with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G), which contains 27 questions covering four core subscales: Physical Wellbeing (7 items), Social/Family Wellbeing (7), Emotional Wellbeing (6), and Functional Wellbeing (7). The FACT-Lym also includes an Additional Concerns subscale (15 questions) used to assess NHL-related symptoms and concerns. All questions are answered on a 5-point scale ranging from "not at all" (0) to "very much" (4). The functional well-being subscale ranges from 0 to 28, where higher scores reflect better HRQoL.
Time frame: Baseline and Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34
Mean Change From Baseline in the FACT-Lym Trial Outcome Index (TOI)
The FACT-Lym questionnaire is a validated instrument for assessing the impact of lymphoma on HRQL and contains 42 questions covering HRQL and common lymphoma symptoms and treatment side-effects. It begins with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G), which contains 27 questions covering four core subscales: Physical Wellbeing (7 items), Social/Family Wellbeing (7), Emotional Wellbeing (6), and Functional Wellbeing (7). The FACT-Lym also includes an Additional Concerns subscale (15 questions) used to assess NHL-related symptoms and concerns. All questions are answered on a 5-point scale ranging from "not at all" (0) to "very much" (4). The FACT-Lym TOI is calculated by summing the Physical Well-being, Functional Well-being and Additional Concerns scores and has a range of 0 to 116. Higher scores reflect better HRQoL or fewer symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline and Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34
Mean Change From Baseline in the Euroqol 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L) Index Score
The EQ-5D-3L is a generic, self-reported preference-based measure of health across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, pain, usual activities, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has three levels of 'severity' corresponding to "no problems", "some problems" and "extreme problems". The instrument is scored as a single summary index using one of the available EQ-5D-3L value sets; in this study the UK scoring weights 9 were used. The UK index ranges from -0.594 to 1, where 0 equates to death and 1 equates to full health (-0.594 is considered 'worse than death').
Time frame: Baseline and Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34
Mean Change From Baseline in the EQ-5D-3L Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
The EQ-5D-3L questionnaire includes a visual analogue scale which records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical, 0-100 scale where 100 = "Best imaginable health state" and 0 = "Worst imaginable health state". Higher scores again indicate better HRQoL and positive change scores indicate that post screening values were higher than those observed at screening. The EQ-5D-3L is a generic, self-reported preference-based measure of health across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, pain, usual activities, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has three levels of 'severity' corresponding to "no problems", "some problems" and "extreme problems".
Time frame: Baseline and Midcycle = after Cycle 3 but before Cycle 4, Cycle 6 Day 1 (C6D1), End of Treatment (C6,D21), and Follow-Up Period up to Week 34