Impact of Rifaximin Therapy on Intestinal Byproducts in End-Stage Renal Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of end-stage renal disease * Receiving chronic intermittent hemodialysis Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with less advanced kidney disease * Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent * Patients who may be pregnant * Hemodynamically unstable patients * Patients with liver failure, pancreatic insufficiency, or inflammatory bowel disease * Patients with ongoing or recent infection and those with history of C-diff infection * Patients with abnormal bowel structure secondary to surgical or anatomic variations * Patients on certain medications, including immunosuppressants, antidiarrheal agents, or recent (within the last 2 months) use of antibiotics