Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Ph-Like TKI Sensitive Mutations

Overview

This randomized phase III trial studies how well combination chemotherapy works in treating young patients with newly diagnosed B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is likely to come back or spread, and in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-like tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sensitive mutations. Chemotherapy drugs, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) and giving the drugs in different doses and in different combinations may kill more cancer cells.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine if the administration of post-Induction age-adjusted intrathecal triple therapy (ITT) on a Modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (MBFM) interim maintenance high-dose methotrexate (IMHDM) backbone will improve 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of children with high-risk (HR) B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to age-adjusted intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX). (Completed effective March 19, 2018) II. To determine, in a randomized fashion, if the cyclophosphamide + etoposide containing regimen (Experimental Arm 1) will improve the 4-year DFS of children, adolescents, and young adults with very high-risk (VHR) B-ALL compared to a modified MBFM-IMHDM regimen that contains a second IM (Control Arm). (Completed effective February 15, 2017) SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the toxicity and tolerability of post-Induction age-adjusted ITT compared to age-adjusted IT MTX in children with HR B-ALL. (Completed effective March 19, 2018) II. To determine the toxicity and tolerability of Experimental Arm 1 compared to the Control Arm in children, adolescents, and young adults with VHR B-ALL. (Completed effective February 15, 2017) III. To determine whether a single-arm, modified Induction with limited anthracycline exposure and post-Induction therapy regimen with MBFM-interim maintenance intermediate dose methotrexate (IMIDM) and reduced vincristine (vincristine sulfate)/steroid pulse frequency and enhanced supportive care in children with Down syndrome (DS) and HR B-ALL will result in a \>= 65% 5-year DFS and \< 10% Induction mortality. IV. To describe the outcomes for children and young adults with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-like B-ALL and a predicted TKI-sensitive mutation treated with dasatinib plus MBFM-IMHDM. V. To determine the toxicity and tolerability of MBFM-IMIDM in children with DS and HR B-ALL. VI. To estimate overall survival (OS) rates both overall and by regimen a) for HR B-ALL and b) VHR B-ALL patients. VII. To determine the incidence of osteonecrosis (ON), defined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and to characterize the natural history of clinically silent ON in children, adolescents, and young adults 10 years of age and greater and to assess the role of drugs (i.e., asparaginase and methotrexate) in addition to corticosteroids, in the risk for development of ON. (Completed accrual July 2016) VIII. To determine if the prevalence of cognitive deficits measured by CogState, in children (ages 6 to \< 13 years) with HR- and VHR B-ALL at 1 year off therapy, is significantly higher than the normative population (\> 14%) in the following domains: working memory, executive function, visual motor, processing speed, and visual attention. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVE: I. To determine if the reduction of minimal residual disease (MRD) from end-Induction to end-Consolidation is greater for children, adolescents, and young adults with VHR B-ALL receiving Experimental Arm 1 compared to the Control Arm. (Closed effective October 20, 2017) OUTLINE: INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients without Down syndrome receive induction chemotherapy comprising cytarabine intrathecally (IT) on day 1 (and twice weekly thereafter for CNS2 patients \[except for days 8 and 29\]); vincristine sulfate intravenously (IV) over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; dexamethasone orally (PO) or IV twice daily (BID) on days 1-14 (patients under 10 years old) or prednisone PO or IV BID on days 1-28 (patients at least 10 years old); pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 4; and methotrexate IT on days 8 and 29 for CNS1 and CNS2 patients (plus days 15 and 22 for CNS3 patients). Treatment continues for 35 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Participants are stratified to 1 of 3 disease groups: HR B-ALL, VHR B-ALL and PH-like B-ALL a predicted TKI-sensitive mutation. GROUP I - HR B-ALL: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. (RANDOMIZATION CLOSED 03/19/2018) CONSOLIDATION THERAPY (C): ARM A HR B-ALL C: Patients receive consolidation therapy comprising cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 29; cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or subcutaneously (SC) on days 1-4, 8-11, 29-32, and 36-39; mercaptopurine PO once daily (QD) on days 1-14 and 29-42, methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 15, 22, 43, and 50; and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 15 and 43. Patients with continuing clinical evidence of testicular leukemia undergo radiotherapy (RT) QD, 5 days a week, for approximately 2½ weeks (12 fractions total). Treatment continues for 56 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B HR B-ALL C: Patients receive consolidation therapy as in Arm I HR B-ALL C. Patients also receive ITT comprising methotrexate, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, and cytarabine on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients with testicular leukemia also undergo RT as in Arm I HR B-ALL C. (CLOSED 03/19/2018) INTERIM MAINTENANCE THERAPY (IM) ARM A HR B-ALL IM: Patients receive IM therapy comprising vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; high-dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; leucovorin calcium PO or IV on days 3-4, 17-18, 31-32, and 45-46; methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29; and mercaptopurine PO on days 1-56. Treatment continues for 63 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B HR B-ALL IM: Patients receive ITT on days 1 and 29 and IM therapy as in Arm I HR-ALL IM. Treatment continues for 63 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED 03/19/2018) DELAYED INTENSIFICATION THERAPY (DI): ARM A HR B-ALL DI: Patients receive DI therapy comprising vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, 43, and 50; dexamethasone PO or IV BID on days 1-7 and 15-21; doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15; methotrexate IT on days 1, 29, and 36; pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 4 and 43; cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 29; cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39; and thioguanine PO QD on days 29-42. Treatment continues for 56 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B HR B-ALL DI: Patients receive ITT on days 1, 29, and 36 and DI therapy as in Arm I HR B-ALL DI. (CLOSED 03/19/2018) MAINTENANCE THERAPY (M): ARM A HR B-ALL M: Patients receive maintenance therapy comprising vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 29, and 57; methotrexate IT on day 1 (also day 29 of courses 1-4); prednisone PO BID on days 1-5, 29-33 (may receive methylprednisolone IV if PO is not tolerated), and 57-61; mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-84; and methotrexate PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78. Treatment repeats every 12 weeks for 2 years (females) or 3 years (males) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B HR B-ALL M: Patients receive ITT on day 1 (also day 29 of courses 1-4) and maintenance therapy as in Arm I HR B-ALL M. Treatment repeats every 12 weeks for 2 years (females) or 3 years (males) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED 03/19/2018) GROUP II: VHR B-ALL: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms. (RANDOMIZATION CLOSED 02/15/2017) CONSOLIDATION THERAPY PART I: In all arms, patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1; cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 1-4 and 8-11; mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-14; methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (days 1 and 8 only for CNS3 patients); vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 15 and 22; and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 15. Patients with continuing clinical evidence of testicular leukemia undergo RT QD, 5 days a week, for approximately 2½ weeks (12 fractions total). Treatment continues for 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. CONSOLIDATION THERAPY PART II: ARM A VHR B-ALL C (CONTROL ARM): Patients receive consolidation therapy comprising cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 29; cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39; mercaptopurine PO QD on days 29-42; vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43 and 50; and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 43. Treatment continues for 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B VHR B-ALL C (EXPERIMENTAL ARM 1): Patients receive consolidation therapy comprising cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 29-33; etoposide IV over 60-120 minutes on days 29-33; vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43 and 50; and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 43. Treatment continues for 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED 02/15/2017) ARM C VHR B-ALL C (EXPERIMENTAL ARM 2): Patients receive clofarabine IV over 2 hours on days 29-33 and consolidation therapy as in Arm B VHR B-ALL C. (CLOSED 9/12/2014) INTERIM MAINTENANCE THERAPY PART I: In all arms, patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; high-dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; leucovorin calcium PO or IV on days 3-4, 17-18, 31-32, and 45-46; mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-56; and methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29. Treatment continues for 63 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. DELAYED INTENSIFICATION THERAPY PART I: In all arms, patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, and 15; dexamethasone PO or IV BID on days 1-7 and 15-21; doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15; methotrexate IT on day 1; and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 4. Treatment continues for 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. DELAYED INTENSIFICATION THERAPY PART II: ARM A VHR B-ALL DI (CONTROL ARM): Patients receive DI therapy comprising cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 29; cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39; thioguanine PO QD on days 29-42; methotrexate IT on days 29 and 36; vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43 and 50; and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 43. Treatment continues for 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B VHR B-ALL DI (EXPERIMENTAL ARM 1): Patients receive DI therapy comprising cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 29-33; etoposide IV over 60-120 minutes on days 29-33; methotrexate IT on days 29 and 36; vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 43 and 50; and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 43. Treatment continues for 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED 02/15/2017) ARM C VHR B-ALL DI (EXPERIMENTAL ARM 2): Patients receive clofarabine IV over 2 hours on days 29-33 and DI therapy as in Arm II B VHR B-ALL DI. (Closed as of 9/12/2014) INTERIM MAINTENANCE THERAPY PART II: In all arms, patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute and methotrexate IV over 2-5 minutes (undiluted) or 10-15 minutes (diluted) on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41; pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 2 and 22; and methotrexate IT on days 1 and 31. Treatment continues for 56 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. MAINENTANCE THERAPY: Patients with CNS3 disease at diagnosis undergo RT QD over 4 weeks (10 fractions total). In all arms, patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 29, and 57; prednisone PO BID on days 1-5, 29-33, and 57-61 (may receive methylprednisolone IV if PO is not tolerated); methotrexate PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78 (except on methotrexate IT days); mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-84; methotrexate IT on day 1 (also day 29 of courses 1 and 2 for CNS patients who did not undergo RT). Treatment repeats every 12 weeks for 2 years (females) or 3 years (males) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. GROUP III: PH-LIKE PREDICTED TKI-SENSITIVE KINASE MUTATION: CONSOLIDATION THERAPY: Patients receive dasatinib PO QD on days 1-56, cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 29, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 1-4, 8-11, 29-32 and 36-39, mercaptopurine PO on days 1-14 and 29-42, methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 (days 1 and 8 only for CNS3 patients), vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 15, 22, 43 and 50, and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 15 and 43. Treatment continues for 56 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. INTERIM MAINTENANCE THERAPY I: Patients receive dasatinib PO QD on days 1-63, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 15, 29, and 43, high dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43, leucovorin calcium PO or IV on days 3-4, 17-18, 31-32, and 45-46, methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29, and mercaptopurine PO on days 1-56. Treatment continues for 63 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. DELAYED INTENSIFICATION THERAPY: Patients receive dasatinib PO QD on days 1-56, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, 43, and 50, dexamethasone PO or IV on days 1-7 and 15-21, doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1, 8 and 15, methotrexate IT on days 1, 29 and 36, pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 4 and 43, cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes day 29, cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39, and thioguanine PO on days 29-42. Treatment continues for 56 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. INTERIM MAINTENANCE THERAPY II: Patients dasatinib PO QD on days 1-56, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41, methotrexate IV over 2-5 minutes (undiluted) or 10-15 minutes (diluted) on days 1, 11, 21, 31 and 41, methotrexate IT on days 1 and 31, and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours days 2 and 22. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive dasatinib PO QD on days 1-84, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 29 and 57, prednisone PO BID or IV on days 1-5, 29-33 and 57-61, methotrexate PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71 and 78 (omit on days when MTX \[IT\] is given), mercaptopurine PO on days 1-84, methotrexate IT on day 1 (also day 29 of course 1 and 2, for patients who did not receive CNS radiation). Treatment repeats every 12 weeks for 2 years (females) or 3 years (males) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Participants with Down syndrome are assigned to DS HR B-ALL: INDUCTION THERAPY: All patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1; vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1 and 8, dexamethasone PO or IV BID (patients under 10 years old) or prednisone PO BID (patients at least 10 years old) on days 1-14 (may receive methylprednisolone IV if PO is not tolerated), pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 4; methotrexate IT on day 8; and leucovorin calcium PO on days 10-11. Treatment continues for 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RAPID EARLY RESPONDERS (RER): Patients receive induction therapy comprising vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 15 and 22; dexamethasone PO BID (patients under 10 years old) or prednisone PO BID (patients at least 10 years old) on days 15-28; methotrexate IT on day 29 (also days 15 and 22 for CNS3 patients); and leucovorin calcium PO on days 31-32 (also days 17-18 and 24-25 for CNS3 patients). Treatment continues for 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. SLOW EARLY RESPONDERS (SER): Patients receive daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on day 15 and Induction therapy as RER patients. Treatment continues for 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. CONSOLIDATION THERAPY: All patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 29; cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 1-4, 8-11, 29-32, and 36-39; mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-14 and 29-42; vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 15, 22, 43, and 50; pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 15 and 43; methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (days 1 and 8 only for CNS3 patients); and leucovorin calcium PO on days 3-4, 10-11, 17-18, and 24-25. Patients with continuing clinical evidence of testicular leukemia undergo RT QD, 5 days a week, for approximately 2½ weeks (12 fractions total). Treatment continues for 56 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. INTERIM MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; intermediate dose methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; leucovorin calcium PO or IV on days 2-3, 17-18, 31-32, and 45-46; mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-56; and methotrexate IT on days 1 and 29. Treatment continues for 63 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. DELAYED INTENSIFICATION THERAPY: Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, 43, and 50; dexamethasone PO BID or IV on days 1-7 and 15-21; doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15; pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 4 and 43; cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 29; thioguanine PO QD on days 29-42; cytarabine IV over 1-30 minutes or SC on days 29-32 and 36-39; methotrexate IT on days 1, 29, and 36; and leucovorin calcium PO on days 3-4, 31-32 and 38-39. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients with CNS3 disease undergo RT QD, 5 days a week, for 2 weeks (10 fractions total). Patients receive vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on day 1; prednisone PO BID or IV on days 1-5 (may receive methylprednisolone IV if PO not tolerated); methotrexate PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78; mercaptopurine PO QD on days 1-84; and methotrexate IT on day 1 (also day 29 of courses 1-4 for CNS3 patients who did not undergo RT). Treatment repeats every 12 weeks for 2 years (females) or 3 years (males) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for 10 years.